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2.2 Determination of Ground Cover <br />Ground cover at each sample point was determined utilizing the point- intercept methodology as <br />illustrated on Figure 1. As indicated on this figure, Cedar Creek utilizes state -of- the -art instrumentation it <br />has pioneered to facilitate much more rapid and accurate collection of data. A transect of 10 meters <br />length was extended in the direction of the next sampling location from the flagged center of each <br />systematically located sample point. At each one -meter interval along the transect, a laser point bar was <br />situated parallel to, and approximately 4.5 to 5.0 feet vertically above the ground surface. A set of 10 <br />readings was taken specifically to record hits on vegetation (by species), litter, standing dead, rock <br />( >2mm), or bare soil. Hits were determined at each meter interval by activating 10 low- energy <br />specialized lasers" situated along the bar at 10 centimeter intervals and recording the variable <br />intercepted by each of the narrowly focused (0.02'1 beams (Figure 1). In this manner, a total of 100 <br />intercepts per transect were recorded resulting in 1 percent cover per intercept. This methodology and <br />instrumentation facilitates the collection of the most unbiased, repeatable, and precise ground cover data <br />possible. Identification and nomenclature of plant species follows Colorado Flora: Western Slope (Weber <br />and Wittman, 1996)_ <br />2.3 Sample Adequacy Determination <br />Sampling within each unit was conducted to a minimum of 30 samples for Phase II area sampling. <br />From these preliminary efforts, sample means and standard deviations for total non - overlapping <br />vegetation ground cover were calculated. For non - monitoring applications, the typical procedure is that <br />sampling continues until an adequate sample, no,i,„ has been collected in accordance with the Cochran <br />formula (below) for determining sample adequacy, whereby the population is estimated to within 10% of <br />the true mean (u) with 90% confidence. <br />— Lasers utilized for this instrument are state -of- the -art and of specialized design to emit a unique electro- magnetic <br />wavelength visible under full sunlight, a condition previously not possible with portable low- energy lasers. <br />CEDAR CREEK ASSOCIATES, INC. Page 9 Bowie #1 Mine - 2013 <br />Phase II Bond Release Report <br />