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42 SOIL SURVEY <br /> about 37 to 42 degrees F, and the frost-free season is Permeability is moderate. The available water capacity <br /> about 35 to 75 days. is very low. Surface runoff Is medium, and the erosion <br /> Small areas of Harsha loam and Leavitt loam are in- hazard is moderate. <br /> cluded in mapping. Also included are a few small areas Most of the acreage is range. Part of it is used for <br /> of Cryorthents, Rock outcrop,and soils that are calcare- wildbfe and recreation. The cold climate and short grow- <br /> ous above 40 inches but are otherwise similar to the mg season limit the production of introduced grasses <br /> Tine soils. and of wood crops. <br /> Typically the surface layer of this Tine soil is brown Bluebunch wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, squirrel- <br /> cobbly sandy loam about 14 inches thick. The upper 9 tail, and big sagebrush dominate the rangeland vegeta- <br /> inches of the underlying material is pale brown very tion. Shrubby species become dorinant as range condi- <br /> cobbly loamy sand. The lower part is extremely cobbly lion declines. Some pinyon and juniper may invade the <br /> sand that extends to 60 inches or more. site. <br /> Permeability is rapid. The effective rooting depth is 60 Grazing management is needed to maintain the site. <br /> inches or more. The available water capacity is low. Where shrubs have become dominant, brush control <br /> Surface runoff is medium,and the erosion hazard is high. may be needed to improve range condition. The site is I <br /> Most of the acreage is rangeland. Part of it is used for generally too sleep and too stony to be seeded. <br /> recreation and wildlife. A small acreage is irrigated and This soil provides winter range for mule deer and elk. <br /> used for hay.The cold climate and short growing season Other wildlife include sage grouse, jackrabbit, cottontail, <br /> limit the production of introduced grasses and preclude and coyote. Managing livestock grazing and controlling <br /> the use of this soil as cropland. sagebrush are necessary to protect the big game winter <br /> Mutlongrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, and big sage- range. <br /> brush dominate the rangeland vegetation. Big sagebrush Depth to bedrock and large and small stones are the <br /> becomes dominant as range condition deteriorates. soil properties most limiting to community development. <br /> Grazing management is needed to maintain range The capability subclass is Wis. <br /> condition. Brush control can improve range condition <br /> where big sagebrush has become dominant if there is 85—Torriorthents-Rock outcrop complex, steep. <br /> enough grass to respond. The site cannot be seeded These steep to very steep soils are on mountainsides at <br /> with a drill because of stones and steep slopes. elevations of 6,600 to 7,8W feet. The average annual <br /> This soil provides winter range for mule deer and elk. precipitation is 11 to 14 inches, the average annual air <br /> Other wildlife include sage grouse, jackrabbit, cottontail, temperature is 35 to 42 degrees F. the average annual <br /> and coyote. Managing livestock grazing and controlling summer air temperature is 61 degrees F, and the frost- <br /> sagebrush are necessary to protect the big game winter free season is 80 to 110 days. This unit is 60 percent <br /> range. Torriorthents, 25 percent Rock outcrop, and 15 percent <br /> Steep slopes, large stones, and seepage are the soil a few small areas of Dahlquist, Stunner, and Boettcher <br /> properties most limiting to community development. If soils. <br /> saturated, banks cut in excavations are likely to cave in. Torriorthents are shallow to deep. well drained soils <br /> Cut slopes should be designed to minimize potential soil that formed in material weathered from sandstone and <br /> slippage. shale. The surface layer is light colored stony or cobbly <br /> The capability subclass is Vlls. loam to sandy day loam. The underlying material is <br /> stony, cobbiy, or gravelly sandy loam to clay. Shale or <br /> 84—Tolman stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes. sandstone material is at a depth of 10 to 60 inches or <br /> This shallow,well drained, moderately steep to steep sot more. The content of stones,cobbles.or gravel through- <br /> is on mountainsides at elevations of 6,600 to 7,800 feet. out the profile ranges from 15 to 60 percent. <br /> In a few areas,the slope is steeper than 50 percent. The Surface runoff is rapid,and the erosion hazard is high. <br /> soil formed in residuum from granite and sandstone.The Rock outcrop is exposed shale or sandstone. <br /> average annual precipitation is about 11 to 14 inches, This unit is rangeland and wildlife habitat. <br /> the average annual air temperature is about 35 to 42 The potential native vegetation is dominantly pinyon <br /> degrees F. the average summer air temperature is about pine, juniper, wheatgrass. Indian ricegrass, mountainma- <br /> 61 degrees F, and the frost-free season is about 80 to hogany, and some big sagebrush (rig. 17). Range condi- <br /> 110 days. tion deteriorates as woody shrubs increase. <br /> Small areas of Boettcher and Dahlquist soils are in- Wildlife include sage grouse,mule deer,elk,jackrabbit, <br /> eluded in mapping. Also included are a few small areas and coyote. Managing livestock grazing is necessary to <br /> of Rock outcrop. protect the big game winter range. <br /> Typically the Tolman soil has a brown stony loam Steep slopes and depth to bedrock are the sal prop- <br /> surface layer about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is brown erties most limiting to community development. Road <br /> very gravelly sandy clay loam about 10 inches thick. design should include drainage outlets for surface runoff. <br /> Hard granite is at a depth of 17 inches. The capability subclass is Vlls. <br />