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i LOCAN COUNTY, COLORADO 29 ty, depth to sand and gravel, and slope are the principal short for the most efficient application of irrigation concerns in establishing tree and shrub plantings. Special water. Applications of manure and commercial fertilizers care consisting of summer fallow a year in advance of containing nitrogen and phosphorus are needed to main- planting, plantings on the contour, continued cultivation tain soil productivity. Leaving crop residues on the sur- for weed control, and supplemental water is needed to in- face protects the soil from blowing during periods when sure establishment and survival of plantings. Trees best there are no growing crops. suited and having good survival are Rocky Mountain ju- The rangeland vegetation of this soil consists mainly of niper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa pine and Siberian elm. tall prairie grasses, including sand bluestem, switchgrass, Shrubs best adapted are skunkbush sumac and lilac. prairie cordgrass, little bluestem, sand reedgrass, sedge, Rangeland wildlife such as antelope, cottontail and and indiangrass. These produce an abundance of forage coyote are best adapted on these soils. Proper livestock that can be cut for grass and hay. Management of the grazing management is necessary if livestock and wildlife grazing is mandatory on these soils in order to maintain share the range. Livestock watering facilities are also im- the productive grasses. Proper grazing and planned graz- portant and are utilized by various wildlife species. The ing systems that include deferment periodically during position of these soils in relationship to croplands makes the growing season are effective in maintaining or im- them valuable as escape cover areas for openland wildlife, proving the rangeland vegetation. Chemical or mechanical especially pheasants. The relief, natural springs and na- brush management is beneficial where dense stands of tive vegetation provide food and cover. Areas of these sand sagebrush encroach on this soil. Lands taken out of soils provide sites that can be readily developed and cropland or depleted by overgrazing can be seeded to managed for wildlife. adapted rangeland grasses. Fencing is essential in Slope is the primary limiting soil feature where these separating these soils from other soils in order to apply soils are used for homesites or other urban developments. needed treatment and grazing systems. Intensive engineering designs and measures are needed Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally to minimize the slope limitation. Where the soils are con- well suited to this soil. The somewhat poorly drained con- sidered for a sewage lagoon system, special sealing dition and abundant competing vegetation are the prin- methods are required to overcome excessive seepage. cipal concerns in establishing tree and shrub plantings. Capability subclass VIe nonirrigated. Special care consisting of summer fallow, continued cul- 26—Els loamy sand. This is a deep, somewhat poorly tivation for weed control, and selection of adapted plants drained soil on low terraces and bottoms along the South is needed to insure establishment and survival of Platte River. It formed in calcareous, stratified sandy al- plantings. Trees best suited and having good survival are luvium underlain by mottled sand and gravel. Average plains cottonwood, golden willow, Colorado blue spruce, annual precipitation ranges from 13 to 19 inches. Slopes Rocky Mountain juniper and eastern redcedar. Shrubs are nearly level. best suited are American plum, purple willow, common Included in this unit are small areas of Alda loam and chokecherry and redosier dogwood. Fluvaquentic Haplaquolls. This is an important soil for wildlife because of its in- Typically the surface layer is grayish brown loamy sand tensive use for cropland and its association with the about 6 inches thick. The underlying layer is light South Platte River. Under irrigation, it is an important brownish gray loamy fine sand about 11 inches thick over food producer for waterfowl, pheasants and deer. All util- light gray, calcareous, mottled loamy fine sand that is ize crop residues which occur as aftermath following har- stratified with thin lenses of silt loam and extends to 58 vest. Wildlife values can be enhanced by developments of inches. Below a depth of 58 inches is a mixture of tree and shrub plantings and undisturbed nesting cover of brownish, mottled coarse sand and gravel. grasses and legumes. In the presence of a water supply, Permeability is rapid. Effective rooting depth is 60 waterfowl could be attracted to the area by development inches or more. Available water capacity is low. Surface of shallow water areas. runoff is slow, the erosion hazard is slight, and the soil Where areas are used for homesites or other urban blowing hazard is moderate. A fluctuating water table oc- developments, the primary limiting soil features are a curs below 20 inches during the winter and spring water table at a depth of 20 to 40 inches and occasional months. This soil is subject to occasional flooding during flooding. Special sewage systems must be anticipated. late spring and summer months. Septic tank absorption fields will not function properly This soil is used for irrigated cropland and grazing. Al- because of the high water table. Homesites and other falfa, corn, and sugar beets are the main crops grown. urban development construction will require compensat- In irrigated cropland areas the main concerns of ing measures and designs to overcome the water table management are efficient use and distribution of water, condition and flood hazard. Special road designs are also fertility maintenance and protecting the soil from blow- needed that will take into account the frost action poten- ing. Sprinkler irrigation is best suited, but the size and tial of the soil. Capability subclass IVw nonirrigated, IVw position in the landscape of these areas makes the border irrigated. or furrow irrigation method the one normally used. Ir- 27—Epping loam, 3 to 9 percent slopes. This is a shal- rigation frequency should be often and length of runs low, well drained soil on uplands in the northwestern part 719958 05/28/2014 08:12 AM B: 01008 P: 131 DOCUMENT Page: 31 of 63 R 50.00 D $0.00 T $0.00 Pamela M. Bacon C erk 8 Recorder, Logan County, Co III IF111117M11VAIVAN I0N.11M1 D19tI k 11111