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[1,"DeLonay et al. (2016)","Ecological requirements for pallid sturgeon reproduction and recruitment in the Missouri River—A synthesis of science, 2005 to 2012.","001_DeLonay_etal_2015.pdf"]
[2,"DeLonay (2017)","Personal communication with David Galat"]
[3,"EDO (2017)","Summary of Program Water Project Impacts","003_EDO_2017.pdf"]
[4,"Hamel et al. (2014a)","Population characteristics of pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes & Richardson, 1905), in the lower Platte River, Nebraska.","004_Hamel_etal_2014a.pdf"]
[5,"Hamel et al. (2014b)","Hydrologic Variability Influences Local Probability of Pallid Sturgeon Occurrence in a Missouri River Tributary","005_Hamel_etal_2014b.pdf"]
[6,"Hamel (2017)","Personal communication with John Shadle"]
[7,"HDR Engineering Inc. (2009)","Lower Platte River Stage Change Study Final Protocol Implementation Report.","007_HDR_Engineering_2009.pdf"]
[8,"Huenemann (2017)","Central Lowlands and Interior Highlands Pallid Sturgeon Spawning and Stocking Summary (1992-2016)","008_Huenemann_2017.pdf"]
[9,"Peters and Parham (2004)","Pallid sturgeon and sturgeon chub in the lower Platte River 2000 to 2004: Final Report to the Pallid Sturgeon / Sturgeon Chub Task Force.","009_Peters_Parham_2004.pdf"]
[10,"Peters and Parham (2008)","Ecology and management of sturgeon in the lower Platte River, Nebraska.","010_Peters_Parham_2008.pdf"]
[11,"Ruskamp et al. (2017)","Migration and Spawning of Pallid Sturgeon in the Platte River, Nebraska.","011_Ruskamp_etal_2017.pdf"]
[12,"Sinokrot and Gulliver (2000)","In-stream flow impact on river water temperatures.","012_Sinokrot_Gulliver_2000.pdf"]
[13,"Steffensen and Mestl (2016)","Assessment of pallid sturgeon relative condition in the upper channelized Missouri River","013_Steffensen_Mestl_2016.pdf"]
[14,"US FWS (2016)","Final Biological Opinion for Loup River Hydroelectric Project No.P-1256-031.","014_USFWS_2016.pdf"]
[15,"Simons and Associates (2000)","Physical History of the Platte River in Nebraska","015_Simons_2000.pdf"]
[16,"Murphy et al (2004)","The Platte River Channel: History and Restoration","016_Murphy_etal_2004.pdf"]
[17,"Miller (1992)","An analysis of the relationship between water temperature, hydrologic and meteorologic conditions in the Central Platte River, Nebraska, for summer 1989, 1990, 1991","017_Miller_1992.pdf"]
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[null,null,1,"Upstream Water Mgmt -> CPR Hydrology","Central Platte River flows are highly managed. Storage reservoirs and irrigation infrastructure has effectively stabilized the hydrograph of the central Platte. Peak flow magnitudes have been reduced due to storage and summer low flows have been increased due to irrigation return flows. ","There are approximately 7,000,000 acre-ft of storage in the North Platte River basin and 1,000,000 acre-ft of storage in the South Platte. ","Irrigaton storage and operations have stablized Central Platte River flows over time, reducing late-spring runoff magnitude and duration and increasing baseflows during the summer period.",null,null,null,null,null,null,15,null,null,16,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]"]
[null,null,2,"EA Releases -> CPR Hydrology","The Environmental Account consists of water stored in Lake McConaughy on the North Platte River. EA release magnitude is limited by flow capacity at the city of North Platte and is generally limited to less than 3,000 cfs. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for managing the Environmental Account and calling for releases. "]
[null,null,3,"Program Withdrawals -> CPR Hydrology","The Program stores (withdraws) water in times of excess flow to enable releases during shortages to target flows. This is referred to as retiming.","The magnitude and timing of central Platte River hydrograph to retiming projects will be dependent upon the availability (magnitude and timing) of excess flows that can be stored, storage capacity, and the magnitude and timing of releases back to the river.","Excesses were frequently available during the period of November 16 through February 1. Excess flows were also available somewhat less frequently during the months of May – August. Excesses were infrequently available during the period of February 15 through May 1. ","It is anticipated that First Increment Program and state of Nebraska water projects will have the capacity to divert approximately 1,000 cfs into recharge or storage projects","The actual volume of water diverted for retiming is expected to average 60,000 AF due to limited capacity to store flows for retiming.\r\n",null,null,null,null,3,null,null,3,null,null,3,null,null,3,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]"]
[null,null,4,"Program Additions -> CPR Hydrology","There are two kinds of Program water additions to the Central Platte: (a) reallocation of existing irrigation (or other) water supplies to instream flows, and (b) reduced consumptive use through modified agricultural practices (conservation projects).\r\n\r\nIn addition to new water releases, water can be retimed through diversions (withdrawals) during times of excess to USFWS target flows and returning the water to the river during times of deficit. ","Maximum release capacity will depend on the design of future retiming projects but is generally expected to be on the order of 5,000 cfs.","It is anticipated that the majority of releases will range from 500 – 1,500 cfs for species flows and up to 2,500 cfs for pulse flow releases.",null,null,null,null,null,null,3,null,null,3,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]"]
[null,null,5,"CPR Hydrology -> LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Hydrology","Appoximately 33% of discharge at the North Bend gauge comes from central Platte River. The remainder is contributed by the Loup. Program impacts on flow at North Bend will depend on the magnitude of widthdrawls and/or releases. ","PRRIP-related water activities will both decrease (withdrawals for retiming projects) and increase (releases of new and retimed water) river stage and associated flow depth in the lower Platte River.","The magnitude of stage (and associated depth) change will be dependent on the magnitude of flow withdrawals/releases in the central Platte, flow losses and attenuation, and lower Platte River discharge.",null,null,null,null,null,null,7,null,null,7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]"]
[null,null,6,"Loup Hydrology -> LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Hydrology","Loup River hydrology is groundwater-driven and flows are generally stable. Around 66% of flow at the North bend gage comes from the Loup River. However, hydrocycling from the Loup can produce large within-day variability in discharge.","Median annual Loup River discharge is on the order of 2,400 cfs, comprising approximately 38% of lower Platte River discharge. ","Loup River hydrocycling can produce daily fluctuations in discharge from approximately 1,000 cfs to 4,000 cfs.",null,null,null,null,null,null,14,null,null,14,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]"]
[null,null,7,"LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Hydrology -> LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Hydrology","Flow at the Louisville gage comprises contributions from the Central Platte (20%), the Loup (40%), the Elkhorn (26%), and several smaller tributaries (14%).\r\n\r\n","PRRIP-related water activities will both decrease (withdrawals for retiming projects) and increase (releases of new and retimed water) river stage and associated flow depth in the lower Platte River.","Stage change in the Lower Platte River (below the Elkhorn River confluence) due to Program water management activities in the Central Platte are small enough that they are dominated by additions from more proximate tributary inputs and by hydrocycling in the Loup River, and are therefore (at best) only marginally detectable with current methods.\r\n",null,"\r\n",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Impacts to pallid sturgeon can be avoided through development of operational rules that prohibit Program diversions when Lower Platte River discharges fall below 4,000 cfs.\r\n",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' and 'Weak/Conflicting Evidence' tabs]"]
[null,null,8,"Elkhorn Hydrology -> LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Hydrology","The Elkhorn River flows into the Lower Platte upstream of the Louisville gage. Flows from this tributary are typically stable.","Median discharge of the Elkhorn River is approximately 1,600 cfs, and constitutes about 26% of flow in the lower Platte. This exceeds the median discharge of the central Platte River.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]"]
[null,null,9,"LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Hydrology -> LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Pallid Habitats","The connection between hydrology in the lower Platte and Pallid Sturgeon habitat is the main mechanism by which the Program has impacts downstream. However, the existence of extent of specific pallid sturgeon habitat types is not well understood between the Loup and Elkhorn confluences.","[See 'Weak/Conflicting Evidence' tabs]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,3,7,null,3,7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Based on previously developed (but uncertain) discharge/habitat suitability relationships, changes in habitat suitability (% channel suitable) is expected to decrease less than 5% at the North Bend gage under the highest possible Program diversion scenario.","Based on previously developed (but uncertain) discharge/habitat suitability relationships, changes in habitat suitability (% channel suitable) is expected to increase by a maximum of 10% at the North Bend gage under the highest possible Program release scenario.",null,null,null,null,null,null,3,7,null,3,7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Weak/Conflicting Evidence' tab]"]
[null,null,10,"LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Hydrology -> LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Pallid Occurrence","Pallid sturgeon use between the Loup and Elkhorn confluences has been observed, but is relatively rare in comparison to the Lower Platte below the Elkhorn.","Pallid sturgeon occur in the Lower Platte River above the Elkhorn River confluence, but only infrequently. Since 2009, 13 genetically confirmed pallids have been captured upstream of the Elkhorn River confluence.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,4,9,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Strong Evidence' tab]"]
[null,null,11,"LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Pallid Occurrence -> LRP (Loup to Elkhorn) Pallid Life History Needs","This connection desscribes pallid sturgeon use of habitat in the lower Platte to fulfill life history requirements.","[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Pallid Sturgeon use of the Lower Platte above the Elkhorn is too infrequent to inform an understanding of meeting life history needs."]
[null,null,12,"LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Pallid Habitats -> LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Pallid Life History Needs","This connection describes the relationship between habitat availability and quality and life history requirements of pallid sturgeon.","[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Pallid Sturgeon use of the Lower Platte above the Elkhorn is too infrequent to inform an understanding of meeting life history needs."]
[null,null,13,"LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Hydrology -> LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Pallid Habitats","The connection between hydrology in the lower Platte and Pallid Sturgeon habitat is the main mechanism by which the Program has impacts downstream.","Predicted changes in Lower Platte River pallid sturgeon habitat resulting from Program water management actions in the Central Platte are similarly small to undetectable and thus these changes should not provide additional stress to the pallid sturgeon population.","The greatest potential for negative habitat impacts would occur when lower Platte River discharges are low (4,000 – 6,000 cfs) but central Platte River discharges are high enough that flow could be diverted into storage for retiming. Since 1954, these conditions occurred one time during the spring for two consecutive days and 37 times during the fall with 26 of the instances lasting three consecutive days or less.",null,null,null,null,null,null,7,null,null,7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Flow reductions (sub-daily to seasonal) reduce the overall capacity of the Lower Platte by reducing the availability of deep water habitat used by pallid sturgeon.","Flow reductions during low flow periods may decrease physical habitat suitability related to channel connectivity and decrease pallid sturgeon mobility.\r\n","Flow reductions during low flow periods may contribute to increased water temperature, though relationships between air temperature, water temperature, and discharge are not well understood in the Lower Platte.\r\n",null,null,null,null,null,4,9,null,5,7,null,12,14,17,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The relationship between flow depth/velocity and pallid sturgeon habitat suitability\r\n","The relationship between discharge and channel connectivity\r\n","Any relationships between discharge, water quality, and pallid sturgeon habtiat suitability/condition are unknown.\r\n","Any relationships between discharge, pallid food resources, and pallid sturgeon habitat suitability/condition are unknown.\r\n","Relationship between discharge and spawning habitat availability"]
[null,null,14,"LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Hydrology -> LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Pallid Occurrence","Pallid sturgeon use of the lower Platte (below the Elkhorn confluence) is well-established.","Pallid sturgeon occur in the Lower Platte River, mostly below the Elkhorn River confluence.\r\nSince 2009, 152 genetically confirmed pallids have been captured downstream of the Elkhorn River confluence.","Captures of pallid sturgeon in the Lower Platte River are highest during spring and fall.\r\n",null,null,null,null,null,null,9,null,null,5,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Capture of pallid sturgeon in the lower Platte varies relative to discharge and season.","Pallid occurrence in the lower Platte decreases with increasing within-day stage change due to hydrocycling.\r\n",null,null,null,null,null,null,5,null,null,5,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Sampling gear efficiency is unknown and likely varies under changing flow and temperature conditions. Implications for sampling-based studies are unknown; i.e., do sampling study results reflect pallid occurrence or ability to capture pallids under a range of flow and temperature conditions?","Reasons for lack of wild pallid sturgeon in the lower Platte are unknown. It has been hypothesized that the lack of deep-water habitat (>3.28 ft) may limit larger, wild adults.","Sturgeon captures that are not genetically identified cannot be conclusively included with pallid sturgeon counts. In addition to those identified here, 25 sturgeon have been captured in the Lower Platte, but not identified to species."]
[null,null,15,"LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Pallid Occurrence -> LRP (Elkhorn to Mouth) Pallid Life History Needs","This connection desscribes pallid sturgeon use of habitat in the lower Platte to fulfill life history requirements.","Pallid sturgeon in the Lower Platte are in good physical condition \r\n","Low summer flows in the lower Platte increase the potential for pallid sturgeon stress and/or mortality","FORAGING / REARING: Pallids select for the deepest available water habitat in the lower Platte",null,null,null,null,null,4,13,null,12,14,null,4,9,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"SPAWNING: Pallid sturgeon presumably spawn in the lower Platte River.\r\n",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,11,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Reasons for lack of wild pallid sturgeon in the lower Platte are unknown. It has been hypothesized that the lack of deep-water habitat (>3.28 ft) may limit larger, wild adults.","There has been no documentation of successful pallid sturgeon reproduction in the lower Platte. Reproductive pallid sturgeon females have been captured moving out of the Platte River at the same time Scaphirhynchus sturgeon larvae were captured at the mouth of the Platte (2001-2002), but larvae were not identified to species and may have been shovelnose sturgeon.","If it occurs, it is not known where pallid sturgeon spawn in the Lower Platte \r\n","Relationship between discharge (magnitude and timing) and spawning cues "]
[null,null,16,"LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Pallid Habitats -> LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Pallid Life History Needs","This connection describes the relationship between habitat availability and quality and life history requirements of pallid sturgeon.","[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Relationship between habitat and egg incubation success","Relationship between channel connectivity and pallid sturgeon mobility.","Relationship between habitat suitability and pallid sturgeon occurrence/condition."]
[null,null,17,"LPR (Loup to Elkhorn) Pallid Life History Needs -> LPR Pallid Population","This connection describes the population-level contribution of pallid use of the Loup to Elkhorn section of the lower Platte.","[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The population-level role of Pallid Sturgeon habtiat and use in the Loup to Elkhorn section of the lower Platte is unknown"]
[null,null,18,"LPR (Elkhorn to Mouth) Pallid Life History Needs -> LPR Pallid Population","This connection describes the population-level contribution of pallid use of the Elkhorn to Mouth section of the lower Platte.","[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"[See 'Uncertain' tab]",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"The population-level role of Pallid Sturgeon habtiat and use in the Elkhorn to Mouth section of the lower Platte is unknown"]
[null,null,19,"External Factors -> LPR Pallid Population","Factors that are outside the Program's scope and/or mandate, such as fishing impacts and genetic dillution, among others, also affect the pallid sturgeon population."]
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