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<br />,. <br /> <br />o <br />N <br />O':l <br />~ <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I: <br /> <br />I <br />, <br /> <br />< <br /> <br />RESULTS <br />After talibrating the model with the actual test data, various <br />pumping times were used to generate a series of drawdowns (Table <br />2). Drawdowns at specific spring sites are identified in Table <br />3 at the various pumping times. From this data, reduction in <br />discharge at these spring sites were calculated and are listed <br />in Table 3. Drawdown at time= 10 days was used for this <br />calculation since full flow should not be expected to occur for <br />more than a few days at anyone time. The total calculated <br />decline in discharge at these specific sites is 1256 GPM. <br /> <br />DISCUSSION <br />A study by the Bureau of Reclamation for their salinity control <br />program has shown that only 457. of the total salt loading to the <br />Colorado River in the Glenwood Springs reach can be attributed <br />directly to known sources. They report that 557. of the total <br />salt loading in this reach is due to unknown sources. From <br />personal experience during times of low river flow, numerous <br />springs and seep areas were visible in the river bed. <br /> <br />Without considering all known sources and any unknown source of <br />hot water discharge to the river, a minimum reduction of 1256 <br />GPM in spring flow can be attributed to drawdown due to flowing <br />the Redstone well at a flow rate of 1544 GPM. Both the measured <br />and calculated hydraulic relationships suggest that withdrawl of <br />any amount of water from the pressurized reservoir will result <br />in a net reduction in flow from springs by the same amount. <br /> <br />An analogy can be drawn with a bicycle tube with several small <br />sticker holes. The pressure in the tube is maintained by a pump <br />(recharge) while air leaks at a constant rate from the various <br />small leaks (springs) of various sizes. If the tube is <br />punctured by a nail (the Redstone well), creating a pressure <br />drop in the tube, reduction in air-flow at each sticker <br />hole would result. As long as the nail hole is not too large <br />relative to the sticker holes, the total reduction in air-flow <br />at each sticker hole should be equal to the air-flow out of the <br />new nail hole. This comparison is valid in the Glenwood Springs <br />area because flow from the Redstone well is of the same order of <br />magnitude as flows from the various springs. <br /> <br />ALTERNATIVES TO RIVER DISCHARGE <br /> <br />Introduction <br /> <br />Alternatives to river discharge can be divided into two <br />categories, treatment and nondischarge. The treatment category <br />includes such things as distillation, crystrallization, and <br />reverse osmosis. Nondischarge includes reinjection and <br />evaporation. These alternatives have various advantages and <br /> <br />4 <br />