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Economic Damages to Households... 37 N --J .... ~ as purchase of bome water softening or pur- chases of bottled water, so that distinguishing a . salinity damage from a consumer preference can be difficult. MWD accepted that consumer dam- ages resulted from salinity in household water supplies. The response to the Orange County study was an attempt to distinguish damages that could occur with the use of local or state water from damages that could occur with the IIse of Colorado River water. For example, MWD pointed out that tbe plus or minus 600 mgiL TDS water used for damage calculations by Orange County should have been recognized as an increment over the approximate range of state water at the time (about 150-200 mgiL TDS). Various Types of Household Damages. While it is clear that water-quality related damages cannot be solely attributed to TDS or to hardness, ther,e are many types of household damages that can be attributed, at least in part, to high TDS levels. Certain types of TDS-re- lated damages can be found in automobile radiators, in water heaters, in borne water and wastewater piping, and in the purchase of alter- native water supplies. Some of the earlier studies also described salinity damages to gar- bage disposals, dlsh and clothes washers, toilet flushing mechanisms, and faucets. However, stain or corrosion damage to basins, tubs, and sinks docs not appear to be primarily caused by salinity or hardness, but is more likely [0 result from iron compounds or from softening that removes protective scale. The studies reviewed were not always consis- tent in finding correlation between damage to a particular item and salinity. However, these studies represent the best data available and a list of thc findings from all that were reviewed is included as table 8. Since Colorado River water quality shows a consistent relationship between TDS and hardness, it can also be assumed that such damage percentages for TDS can be assigned to hardness. Reviewing the findings for the various items listed in these tables reveals significant discrepan- cies in findings on useful life. However, they generally show that useful life decreases as salinity increases, thus resulting in an economic damage. Table 8. - Findings of TDS Link to Household Damage Type of Damage: Buying bollled water' or home filters" (percentage of entire study) ful1I= IDS Percentafe 05.7' 46.2' 35.1' 187* 11.0' 30.0* 24.0' 480' 13.0' 260' 36.0' 35.0' 30.0' 12.0' . 12.0" 14.0" Type of Damage: Life Span of Water Pipes ill Years Source TDS Galvan- Cop- U nspec- izl:d Ill:! ified Coe 228 20.6 526 15.4 712 15.0 749 89 Tihansky 200 32.9 400 26.6 600 22.2 800 19.1 1000 17.0 1200 155 d'Arge & 210 17.28 44.08 Euhanks 77R 11 25 4750 Calif. 547 7.1 10.0 700 10.0 10.0 838 14.1 14.9 857 00 81 Patterson 118 25.0 & Banker 250 35.0 606-690 25.0 748 13.0 818 10.0 843 15.0 1000 10.0 Orange Co. 200 35.0 750 250 Cae 228 526 712 749 547 700 838 857 199 746 222 720 600 222 720 600 _--I Calif. Dept. of Water Resources Oran~e Co MWD LA Times LA Times __ .1 ':1 II 'I I ; ~ J " ,j ,.. .' ,,:1 :~ '.11 -J f ; T' II J' ~ I j :1 ,I " j ~I ~ 'I , ! f I J I .I ,,"." _