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<br />l\j <br />0') <br />00 <br />CO <br /> <br />chapter 1 <br />INTRODUCTION <br /> <br />Research Objectives <br /> <br />This research study was intended to update <br />earlier research conducted for the Bureau of <br />Reclamation beginning in 1974 and subsequently <br />published in a 1980 report by Alan P. Kleinman <br />and F. Bruce Brownt (see "Background of the <br />Study," page 10). The present study had the <br />objectives of: <br /> <br />. providing a better means of estimating <br />present and future salinity damages under <br />current water use scenarios and economic <br />conditions; <br /> <br />. revising and clarifying earlier <br />investigations; <br /> <br />. addressing unresolved questions and issues <br />dealing with Colorado River salinity. <br /> <br />More speciJi.caUy, this research effort con- <br />sists of four interrelated studies, three tbat up- <br />date or supplen,ent tbe salinity damages data <br />base reported by Kleinman and Brown and one <br />to develop a computer program to estimate <br />damages. <br /> <br />1. The first study updates the agricultural <br />and municipal damages data base established by <br />Kleinman and Brown by (a) considering current <br />forecasts of the salinity concentration of <br />Colorado River water available for use in the <br />Lower Basin, including the impacts of the <br />Central Arizona Project; (b) considering blend- <br />ing, water salvage and conservation scenarios <br />that may affect future water use; (c) considering <br />current economic conditions in terms of equip- <br />mcnt and appliance lifetimes, costs and prices, <br />interest rates, etc.; and (d) reexamining the <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />threshold values previously established for <br />municipal, industrial, and agricultural damages. <br /> <br />2. Tbe second study examines and evaluates <br />the benefits of reduced salinity of tbe Colorado <br />River on reclaimed wastewater for direct and <br />planned reuse in the Southern California water <br />service area, as well as indirect or potential uses <br />of such wastewater. <br /> <br />.1 <br /> <br />3. Tbe third study investigates industrial <br />damages due to salinity, which were not <br />addressed in earlier investigations, and estab- <br />lisbes representative damage estimates for <br />various industrial water uses. <br /> <br />4. Tbe fourth study involves development of <br />a computer program that will permit easy calcu- <br />lation of salinity damages, by water use sector <br />over various time periods, with varying assump- <br />tions of water use, population growtb, and <br />economic development and with tbe flexibility to <br />make changes in such economic factors as costs, <br />crop prices, and interest/discount rates. <br /> <br />\ <br />,; <br /> <br />,i <br /> <br />limitations to the Study <br /> <br />The Bureau of Reclamation specified several <br />limitations to tbe study: <br /> <br />. Only direct salinity damages to the various <br />water user sectors are to be considered. <br />Indirect or secondary salinity damages are <br />outside tbe scope of the study; <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />>} <br /> <br />. Salinity impacts beyond the U.S. border <br />are outside the scope of the study; <br /> <br />. No attempt will be made to separate water <br />use damages according to specific ion <br /> <br />': <br /> <br />t ~Ian P. Kleinman and F. Bruce Drown, C.nlorado River '\alinity: P.conomir. Impacts on Aenculturnl MlInicipl'll and <br />(nctw;.Irl:'IIl.Jse~ Denver, Colorado: Colorado River Water Ql.lality Office, Bureau or Reclamation, December 1980. <br /> <br />____ ~_ J <br />