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<br /> <br />developments. One of the most significant effects occurring in <br />certain areas of the Missouri Basin has been the reduction of <br />inflow to the surface system caused by withdrawals of associated <br />ground water. Groundwater pumping for sprinkler irrigation is <br />diminishing streamflows otherwise available for Instream and <br />offstream uses in parts of Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. Other <br />notable effects of development occurring within the basin include <br />alteration of runoff and infiltration caused by changes in land <br />use and management, such as conversion of grassland to cropland, <br />and increased aquifer recharge due to surface water storage. <br /> <br />ExistinqMaior.Water Resources Development <br /> <br />Initial water resources developnents in the Missouri River <br />Basin, beginning more than 100 years ago, were earthen structures <br />built on smaller streams to meet single purpose needs, primarily <br />water supply. Since the 1930's, surface water developments have <br />often been supplemented with ground-water development, <br />particularly for privately developed irrigation on the plains of <br />Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. <br /> <br />In the past 40 years, a number of major reservoirs have been <br />constructed in the basin. Most of these projects were built to <br />serve multiple purposes and differed markedly from the earlier <br />single ~urpose developments. Project purposes include irrigation <br />water supply, flood control, hydroelectric power generation, <br />navigation, recreation, fish and wildlife enhancement, and <br />industrial water supply. <br /> <br />Perhaps the most prominent multipurpose projects in the <br />basin are the six major Missouri River main stem reservoirs--Fort <br />Peck, Sakakawea, Oahe, Sharpe, Francis Case, and Lewis and Clark. <br />With the exception of Fort Peck Reservoir, these large projects <br />were constructed by the Army Corps of Engineers under the Pick- <br />Sloan Missouri Basin Program, originally adopted by the Congress <br />in 1944. The Corps was authorized to construct Fort Peck <br />Reservoir in 1933. Each of these projects serves most or all of <br />the purposes listed above. In addition, other large multipurpose <br />projects have been or are being built by the Corps of Engineers <br />and the Water and Power Resources Service in every subbasin in <br />the Missouri Basin. Among these are Canyon Ferry in the Upper <br />Missouri Subbasin: Boysen and Yellowtail in the Yellowstone: <br />Shadehill and Keyhole in the Western Dakotas: Jamestown in the <br />Eastern Dakotas: Seminoe and Glendo in the Platte-Niobrara: <br />Smithville in the Middle Missouri: Tuttle Creek and Milford in <br />the Kansas: and Stockton and Harry S. Truman in the Lower <br />Mi ssour 1. <br /> <br />-2.8- <br />