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Reclamation, National Park Service, National Biological Service, Colorado State University, Utah State University, Brigham Young University, and scientists from other agencies and locations conduct field and laboratory research on the endangered fishes that is approved by Recovery Program. 3. Stockino. The history of fish culture and stocking in the United states has been concisely and appropriately stated by Radonski and Martin (1986): "The arc of the fish culture pendulum has come full swing: from early consideration as a universal fisheries management panacea, through a transitional period of questioning and disrepute, to a final recognition as a indispensable tool when appropriately integrated with other equally essential fisheries management protocol." A series of questions that should be thoroughly considered in preparing a proposed stocking plan (Heidinger 1993) are: Why stock? What presumptive stock should be used? What size? What quality? What number? Where and when? and For how long? Goals, objectives and criteria must be clearly stated and thoroughly considered when using stocking as a management tool (Nob-Ie 1986). EXDerimental stockino to support priority research will be an important component in recovery of the endangered Colorado River fishes. Priority research includes topics such as habitat use by life stage, imprinting to specific locations by chemoreception, relation between survival and size of fish at stocking, etc. Auomentation stockino provides a "jump-start" mechanism to supplement fish in habitats where wild stocks are very depressed and where successful natural recruitment will be needed to establish self- sustaining wild populations. The rationale for augmentation stocking is to provide a critical number of fish for successful spawning in the wild. Such stocking may be required for recovery of the razorback sucker in the upper basin. Restoration stockino will be required for reintroduction 0; the bony tail since this species is nearly extirpated in the upper basin. Restoration stocking may also be required to recolonize river reaches with Colorado squawfish and razorback sucker where unoccupied but suitable habitat occurs within their historic range. All stocking of hatchery-reared endangered fish will be done through Program-approved stocking plans with measurable objectives, risk assessments, and an identified timeframe for thorough evaluation. The need for augmentation or restoration stocking will be based on information from monitoring endangered fish stocks to determine status and trends, research studies to determine ecological requirements, and evaluations of habitat improvement projects. Stocking will be done where suitable habitat is available to meet the ecological requirements of the endangered fishes or in connection with habitat restoration activities to maximize the liklihood of success. Stocking plans are presently being developed to stabilize and augment razorback sucker stocks and to reintroduce the bony tail into the Upper Colorado River Basin. The plans will define the numbers of endangered fish to be produced in captivity for stocking. Furthermore, the numbers 4