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<br />FOOTNOTES
<br />
<br />In Forest Service and conservationist terminology, a wilderness area has come to be broadly defined as
<br />one which remains in its natural, wild state, undisturbed by man-made roads and structures.
<br />
<br />2 Frederick Jackson Turner, Frontier and Section: Selected Essays (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.:
<br />Prentice.Hall, 1961), pp. 37.62.
<br />
<br />3 Frederick L. Paxson Postwar Years: Normalcy, 1918-1923 (Berkeley: University of California Press,
<br />1948), pp. 161.63, 381.82. See also Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F. D. R.
<br />(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1955), p. 302. Although Donald C. Swain did note that the period
<br />1921-1933 was a "time of preparation for greater forestry accomplishment in the future," his book
<br />did not point to the positive gains in wilderness preservation in the National Forests but in the
<br />National Parks. Donald C. Swain, Federal Conservation Policy, 1921.1933 (8erkeley: University of
<br />California Press, 19631. PP. 29,12343.
<br />
<br />4 Roderick W. Nash, "Man and Nature in America," Forest History, VII (Winter, 19641. pp. 21.22,
<br />Nash's review concerned the book by Arthur A. Ekirch, Jr., Man and Nature in America {New York:
<br />Columbia University Press, 1963), which he stated was a "rehash" of "widely documented portions of
<br />American history such as the campaigns for forest conservation and the nat;onal parks."
<br />
<br />6 Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission IORRRCI. Study Report No. 27 (Washington:
<br />Government Printing Office, 19621, PP. 1.3.
<br />
<br />6 U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Sen,ice, Wilderness, Pamphlet No. 459 (Washington:
<br />Government Printing Office, 1963), p. 3. It also identified Henry David Thoreau as one of the first
<br />Americans who spoke out for the preservation af wildlands "just over 100 years ago:'
<br />
<br />7 Robert Sterling Yard, "Saving the Wilderness," The Living Wilderness, V (July, 1940), p. 3.
<br />
<br />8 Harvey 8roome, "Drigins of the Wilderness Society," The Living Wilderness, V (July, 19401. p. 13.
<br />
<br />9 Ibid., citing Aida Leopold, "The Last Stand of American Wilderness," American Forests and Forest
<br />Life, XXXI (October, 1925), pp. 599.604.
<br />
<br />10/bid., citing Robert Marshall, "The Problem of Wilderness," Scientific Month/y XXX (February 19301.
<br />pp.14148.
<br />
<br />11 8roome, The Living Wi/demess, V (19401. p. 13.
<br />
<br />12Aldo Leopold, "Drigin and Ideals of Wilderness Areas." The Living Wilderness, V (July 19401, p. 7.
<br />
<br />13Ibid., citing Aida Leopold, "The Wilderness and Its Place in Forest Recreation Policy," Journal of
<br />Forestry, XIX (November, 1921), pp. 718.21.
<br />
<br />140RRRC, Study Report No.3, p. 20.
<br />
<br />15See the "Copeland Report:' published u.nder the title A National Plan for American Forestry: A
<br />Letter from the Secretary of Agriculture Transmitting the Report of the Forest Service on the Forest
<br />Problem of the United States (Washington: Government Printing Office, 19331, pp. 474.76.
<br />
<br />16DRRRC, Study Report No.3, P. 21. These regulations were listed as U.1, U.2, and U.3, and rem~ined
<br />in effect unt;11964, when they were superseded by the Wilderness Act.
<br />
<br />17Minutes of the Supervisors' Meeting, January 29-February 3, 1917, District 2, United States Forest
<br />Service, Denver, pp. 118-19, Conservation Library Center, Denver Public Library.
<br />
<br />18Fra~k A. Waugh, Recreation Uses on the National Forests (Washington: Government Printing Office,
<br />19181, p. 37. Waugh was head of the School of Landscape Engineering at Dartmouth College and a
<br />personal friend of Assistant Forester Edward A. Sherman of the Forest Service in Washington.
<br />
<br />19Letter from Carhart to Sherman, February 12, 1919, Arthur H, Carhart Papers, Conservation Library
<br />Center, Denver Public Library. Hereafter referred to as Carhart Papers.
<br />
<br />20/bid.
<br />
<br />21 Letter from Sherman to Carhart, February 8, 1919, Carhart Papers.
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