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. .- 003688 " . The report itself might warrant complete reproduction here because it stated so well Carhart's position, but limitations of space permit reference to only some of the salient points. Under the title "Preservation" Carhart asserted that the "first logical step" in any work of this type is to "plan for preservation and protection of all of those things that are of values great enough to sacrifice a certain amount of economic return so there may be a greater total return from the aesthetic qualities."3o This step was discussed under such additional headings as "Game," "Timber," "Portage," and "Ownership." That .the plan was practical and yet provided for wilderness protection through the exclusion of roads in the forest, was shown under a section headed "Accessibility."Jl (It should be noted that these proposals were made in 1919.) As Carhart remarked: "Suffice it to say that good auto roads lead to the edge of this plan at many points, that railways touch the border in such a manner that they can carry much traffic to the borders of the [planned areal. . . .32 He then added that the plan "does not take rank with the mere placing of campsites. I t goes far beyond that." Carhart further explained that in order to get "full return" from the forest areas, in order to "correlate uses" so there will be no interference resulting in loss to the nation, and in order that "this National Forest shall have its development based on sound foundations of a size commensurate with the importance of its recreation possibilities, it is imperative that the planning reach what may be known for want of a better term as Forest Regional Planning."J3 ~ The year 1919 was indeed a banner one for the Forest Service and for the State of Colorado. In the summer of that year, Arthur Carhart was assigned to make a survey of the Trappers lake area in the White River National Forest of Colorado. The purpose of the survey was to plot several hundred summer homesites on the lakeshore and to plan a through road around the lake. During July, 1919, operating out of what was then Scott Teague's Camp located at the outlet of Trappers lake, Carhart laid survey lines around the lake according to his instructions. It seems that Paul J. Rainey and William McFadden were guests of Teague at this time, so Carhart had a chance to meet them there. After a series of spirited talks together, Rainey and McFadden persuaded Carhart that the Forest Service should keep Trappers lake in a wild-land condition.J4 Carhart, in turn, then translated the idea into a functional plan through his landscape architectural training and his basic orientation toward nature and the unspoiled wilderness. Upon his return to the District Office in Denver, Carhart furnished his immediate supervisor, Carl J. Stahl, not only with the completed surveys but also with the unsolicited comment that he opposed the plan of making homesites on the lakeshore. After some discussion, Stahl agreed with him that the Trappers lake area should remain road less and that the many applications for homesite permits around the lake should not be honored. This was an unprecedented step in Forest Service history; it marked the first de facto appl ication of the wilderness concept.3 S ,. By 1919 the backlog of applications for summer homesitesJ6 had begun to plague the District Office in Denver. To men like Stahl, Carhart's opposition to developing the Trappers lake area merited further study and discussion with others in the Service who had similar problems. One such man was Aida leopold, who, after hearing Stahl tell about the 5