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the Yampa River basin (Upper Colorado River Commission, 1965-77). Sections of the Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments Act of 1972 (Public Law' 92-500) and the Colorado River Salinity Control Project Act (Public Law 93-320) have particular significance. The setting, review, and modific.ation of stream and effluent standards by the States of Colorado and Wyoming also have relevant application. The interactions between water quantity and water quality entail several in- stitutional difficulties, as demonstrated by time of passage of separate legislative articles and the specification of separate administrative bodies responsible for enactment of these articles. Many of these difficulties will be overcome with time and with the setting of precedents. However, within the context of this basin assessment, it is hoped that certain vested institutional interests can be made more interactive and that legislative incom- patibilities can be resolved through rational discus- sion of both physical and economic implications. TECHNICAL INFORMATION IN PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF REGIONAL WATER- RESOURCES IN AREAS OF COAL-DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL By IVAN C, JAMES II and PHILLIP E. STARK' Not until he reached a BOd hutat the other end of the town did he make a bargain worth mentioning; here he happened on a widow with two half-grown boys; the widow was Danish and ran a small poultry farm. ."Yes, indeed, she needed potatoes, for both hel'8elf and the boys, and for the birds as welli she hadn't any money in the house. but she had the chickens. ... Wouldn't he trade BOrne potatoes for a fowl or two? -Of COUlBe he would: Per Hanss was more than willing; after dickering awhile, he bartered nine pails of potatoes for three young chickens. -This is 8 mighty profitable deal-he thought-The Hall- ings are good people, but the Dane8 are even better. .....Listen. Mother, perhaps you'd just a8 800n take three pailfuls more and give me the fourth hen?" ."The widow agreed to that at once and Per Han8a felt that now he had made a fme bargain indeed. The widow, too, seemed very well satisfiedj they beamed in mutual gratitude, filled with generous thoughts. (R51vaag, 1927) 'Former Director, Routt County Department orEnvironmentlll Health, Steamboat Spring8. Colo. ,... - ~....-. {ftSOI 10 the rural Dakotas of the 1890's where this vignette occurred. the monetary economy was not well established. The bartering exemplified in- volved formalities and the investment of time and effort little used in today's market economy. The bargaining that Per Hansa and the widow undertook is a microcosm of the much more com- plicated bargaining that takes place between various interest groups involved with energy de- velopment and water-resources planning. Perhaps the differences are even more striking than the similarities. For Per Hansa and the widow, there was no quea- tion of property rights-he owned the potatoes. she the chickens-the question was the ratio at which they would be exchanged. If they could not come to an agreement, the trade would not be made. and they each would be no better off than before. Per Hansa may have been willing to trade up to four or five pails of potatoes for a chicken, and the widow may have taken as little as two; so even both were better off after the trade, theidndividual abil- ities to bargain may have determined how much better off. Property rights of individuals to enjoy clean water and air, and the rights of productive enter- prises to discharge residuals into the environment are less well defined than the rights that Per Hansa and the widow exercised through ownership. Lack- ing a market mechanism for their determination, prices for environmental amenities are usually not known. Permitting requirements allow for signifi- cant amounts of public involvement and political input to the process. A multiplicity of interests also distinguishes this process. It is oversimplifying to categorize the interest groups as either "pro- development" or "anti-development." Although such feelings may exist, other issues concerning the management of the social and environmental ef- fects of energy development may be of even greater importance. Although Per Hansa or the widow each could have prevented the completion of any trade, in the decision making for energy-development the relative abilities of the various parties to effect, veto, or otherwise influence the decision making process, in accordance with their desires, are not well defined. The myriad of requirements involved with the leasing, development, transportation. and conversion of energy gives many opportunities for review of the development process and also gives many points where opposing interests may express 10