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'p~~~"" 'J ~, _"- .. """ t Table 5. Ground-water sampling sites Site number GWI GW2 OW3 OW4 OW5 OW6 OW7 GW8 U.S. Geological Survey Identlflcallon number 393944105422500 393904105422800 393644105430400 393638105425900 393620105423900 393439105434200 393052105423300 392853105405800 Local well number 04S74W32BCB 05S74W06AAA 05S74WI8CAD 05S74WI8CDIl 05S74WI9ADB 05S75W36AAC 06S74WI9ABC 06S74W32CAA Site name Lower Cabin Creek Reservoir dam spring Clear Lake Campground well Guanella Pass Campground west well Guanella Pass Campground east well Ouanella Pass spring # 1 Duck Lake spring Burning Bear Campground well Whiteside Campground well [GW. ground-water site; identification number is the latitude and longitude of the site with a two-digit sequence number at the end; see figure 5 for site location] Grab samples of bottom sediment were obtained at the profile point in each lake or reservoir. A stainless steel, center-pivot-jaw dredge sampler was lowered to the bottom from a boat. The sample was removed from the center of the dredged material and placed in clean plastic or glass containers. The samples were sieved using native water to less than a particle size of 0.062 mm and placed in plastic containers (for trace-element samples) or glass containers (for organic samples). Samples were chilled for transport to the laboratory for analysis. Snow Sampling Snowpack was sampled once at two locations near the end of the season for snowfall accumulation in late March. Sampling sites are listed in table 6 and shown in figure 6. Sites were chosen at least 300 ft away from any roadway. Pit locations were chosen in small, sheltered clearings that were not prone to drifting. Metallic shovels were used to dig a pit in the snow down to the ground surface with the sample face away from direct sunlight. The final sampling face was exposed by a polyethylene scoop cleaned to trace-element standards with acid and deionized water rinses. Snow was removed in a uniform vertical channel. excluding the 5 cm of snow above the soil/snowpack interface. The snow was collected in clean chum splitters and teflon bags and then allowed to melt at room temperature. Immediately after the last frozen particles were melted. the sample water was carefully combined for final splitting. Specific conductance and pH were measured using samples of the melt from the chum. Samples for inorganic chemical analyses were processed and preserved in the same manner as the surface-water samples previously described (Ward and Harr, 1990). Biological Sampling Eleven sites were chosen for benthic macro invertebrate sampling from among the 23 streamwater-quality sampling sites. Sampling sites are listed in table 7 and shown in figure 7. Standard methods and strategies are described in Britton and Greeson (1987) and Cuffney and others (1993). Samples were collected in riffles, which are the richest targeted habitat (RTH) in the stream reaches (Cuffney and others. 1993), at possible road- affected sites and reference sites during late-summer low-flow conditions. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using a Hess sampler that covered I ft2 of the streambed and was equipped with 500-~m screen mesh. Five cross sections in each reach were sampled in riffle areas where the water was not too deep for proper operation of the sampler (about 1.5 ft deep). Rocks and streambed material were gently worked with a soft brush to dislodge clinging organisms. The remaining bed material was stirred up with a length of metal reinforcing bar to dislodge any remaining macroinvertebrates. Organisms clinging to the mesh were removed with forceps or native streamwater. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 13