|
<br />OL(Upled by mnl' nllnnOW!i .lnJ !iuck(.r~ at rtll" ",lInt:
<br />rime and 1'1.;(('. .ill of whl(h ,H(' (h,tr.lLTl.n~ttt of
<br />\l,arm\1,.lft:r h.lt'lH,H Tht:!it: (ll-O((Urrt'nll.' mJY ~t:
<br />parnallr ('xplalO(,J by a l.H1fUJlOa] dle...r. 111~h.
<br />dltuuJe ~tH'.lms In .\I....xtlO .lrl' .... urn enouf:h tll
<br />SUpp'lft minnows anJ \u(kers. bur are not (qultl'l
<br />tOO warm In summer to t'xduJe tr(.ur, The}' als\l
<br />ma\' Pl' .In arula(t 01 s,lrnp]ln~ Remotl: streams In
<br />,\ft:XIUl fl'm>iln Ina(...e....iblt- \If unknown rn fOfl.l~n
<br />workers unf.llndlaT with dlt" fl'}.:H1n, ,\OJ SOffit. of
<br />them nor ~'et ,.1011'1(,...1 m..~ bt: high l'nlluf:h (l)
<br />exduJe f....mper.n.... fhht:,_ It ,. 011.,0 n01,lble. hov.....\'er
<br />rhJ.t non.n.lf!H; trour.. h,t\-t: Yt:t to be wldl"ly \fll(ked
<br />III ;\lexl(o. "0 1I,ltlVt:S m;IY ..nil ouupY natllf.ll r.ln~l..
<br />thdt induJl' 1"wt:r.elt:vJtlon \\Jters, Tht:re I' ~ooJ
<br />niJt:n(l' th.L! Ap.l.:hl' J.nJ Gda troutS Jl;s(enJt:d to
<br />lowl'r l"Ic\'JflOnS 10 rh(' p.l.t. whl'rl' they also
<br />ennlUnft.rtJ warmw..wr ..pe(ll'S
<br />
<br />Streams at IrltcrnH.'cliatc Elevations
<br />
<br />An Hi...wric PcrsPl'njyc
<br />
<br />Crt'ek!i .lnJ fivers In lower cOO1ti:rous fon.sfs
<br />fhrllu,1:h woodlanJs and InW J(.......tt ~rH..I.lOJs It'rom
<br />abuut IS00 to 900 m e1nJthlnl suppore mmt 01 rhl.
<br />renuinln!-= narive fil.h p.)pULltllln.. In the n'~lOn
<br />Th....se eh.mnds (urv surlat(' runoff .l.. well as
<br />mtl'h:eptln~ ~roulldwart:rs from the Ill,1:hLmJs. which
<br />emer J.S sprlnp \If ~etps alon}.: bl.dw(k lrdullre
<br />zones or h_'Jdlfl~ p!.lIlt:!i \)f IS hfted lwrn dl.....p
<br />J.llu\'ia! fills wht'n dunnels (toss ~('Jrock dikes II\~::
<br />19), Many Slfl...am.. .If(' hl~hly tT{)SI\'(' In Jel'f'.
<br />
<br />
<br />,..~-...
<br />-
<br />
<br />......-
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />-~
<br />
<br />Figure 19 Bedrock dikes exposed by channel InCISIon In
<br />Clenega Creek, Anzona. force subterranean !low to the
<br />surface, crealmg refuges for fishes and other aquatiC
<br />orgamsms durmg drought
<br />
<br />
<br />Ftgure 20_ Canyons of the Colorado River In northern
<br />Anzona were cut In the Colorado Plateau surface through
<br />millennia Forces resulting in these spectacular landforms
<br />are now under partial contrOl of mainstream dams_
<br />Photograph by D A Hendrickson
<br />
<br />prt.(LpHOUS (,wyons for pans of rht:lr (ourses (FI"L:,
<br />2(J), From ,In hlSWfI... perspl't[L\'t:, such pldees have
<br />dl.ln,i:.eJ Imlt. from thl' W,lY they J.prl'afl'd hunJrl'J~
<br />ot ~'eJ.fs J.f:O. Oth....r r(""dll.s, tlnwlnf: thruu,1:h broad
<br />\alleys {Fig, 211. are drdm.HlealJ~' dltlerenr Irom ,I
<br />(l.ntur~- J.go Ju.... to hum,;n actl\ltles resultinl"' In
<br />(hJ.n"L:l'S In the l.qUlIIPflum 01 t:toslIln ,In..J
<br />deposltlun
<br />A "TfCdm .It t:quihhrlUm tr.lnSp\lf(S prensely as
<br />mu(h m,Herta! .l~ prl}duct'J wlthm ItS w.lrershed.
<br />Thus, H " enn 01 mart:flal we..thers and t:rodt's ftom
<br />.1 ht'adw.lrt:r m,mlHdln, .1 ton IS CHtteJ OUt. In
<br />pr.I([j(c. what one ~lTS 10 .I ;C1\t'n stream n'sults
<br />from the d\'et.l}.:t' ('llldlfIUn O\er an undetined perlOJ
<br />r.ehlre rhl: \lbSer\.ItLlIn, In bl'Jcuck, c.lnyon.~'lunJ
<br />se~mt:m" tf.lnspor( throu~h the channel mdY han'
<br />little m J.) With how th(' sy.fem appeJfS; .lppJ.tem
<br />t'ljulllhtlum IS dLLTaH;d by rht, n,m.l;flJdibdm. of
<br />heJrllck In .lUu\'ial (hannd~ nn un(lIm\lliJJte-J
<br />seJlmt:ms dt'p')sltt'J In tlme~ phr, the stre.lm beJ at
<br />equlhbflllm mav rem.lln J.t ;1 (unst.lO( !t.\'el, with
<br />
<br />11
<br />
<br />010:)3
<br />
|