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I) id':) 't Chapter 1 SUPPlemental Water A. SUPPLEMENTAL WATER DEFINED SUPPlemental Water IS additional water prOvided to SUPply that which IS laCking, I,e.. needed or desired Because Water is unevenly distributed In tIme and space. Storage and transpol1atlon are the key elements In any strategy to provide supplemental water In this stUdy. SUpplemental Water IS consIdered to be water which IS made available for use within a speCltlc area by moving II tram one area to anOther and/or storing It for use at a later time SUpplemental water can be provided by constructing surface-waler reservoirs. by adding to groundwater storage and by ImpOrting groundwaler or surface water from anorher area' The Objective of prOVIding Supplemental water IS 10 balance the SUPPly from available SOurces for the variOUS uses. The concept at SUPPlementing a local limited waler SUPply IS as old as CIViliZation. The practices of adding storage to enhance or augment waler SUPply from another Source are equally old Knowledge and technOlogy. however, Surely limited human habitatIon to enVirons near surface-water Supplies from streams, ;' '* iy " . j. . --( t-y' lakes. and spnngs. Gourds and fabricated containers permJlted excursions. not relocarlon of people. The needs fa capture and SUpplement a given SUPPly through storage undoubtedly led to the digging or enlargement of depreSSions to Catch and hOld rain and the construction of pnmitlve rock or earthen dams across small streams. The firSt direct use of the grOund_ water reServoir as a Sofe SOurce of wafer SUPply or as a Supplement to a surface SUPPly prObably was trom hana-dug shalJow holes In dry stream beds, TeChnOlogy limited the Use of storage in either surface structures or tram groundwater reservoirs unW hiStorical times. B. SOURCES OF SUPPLEMENTAL WATER ThiS report considers a vanety of SOurces and methOds for SUPPlemenlrng Wafer Supplies. Those whiCh were conSidered In the study period. but not in- clUded in detail in this report, deserve some diSCUSSIon here. These inClUde uSing the SOil profile as a waler SOurce and a location for SUpplemental Storage through conservation practices. reduction of evapotransPiration, weather mOdificatIOn and reduction of lOsses from Sur- face waler. One SOurce of waler is that COntained Within the soil profile. The soli zone. depth from the surface of two to tlve feer, is a tYPe of storage reservoir. The SUPply vanes depending UPon charactef/stlcs of the SOtl, time and amount of preCipJtat1on, and other ClimatiC lactors affecting evapOration or plant lranspiratlon. Various conservation methOds have been used to Supplement Or InCrease the SUPPly of Wafer In the soil profile. Land_ Ireatment practices such as Contour PlOWing. terracing. mulching. and ecofallow prOVide Supplemental water by increasing fhe available soil mOiSture far plants. These practices. along With land Shaping and leveling, also COntribute to groundwater reCharge, Quantifying the amounts of Supplemental water provided by these methods IS dlffrcUl1. likeWise It IS difficult to measure NOI conS'de,"" 10 Oe SUDPlemenlal Waf<" a'e nalu'al s"eam flow Ihal 's d,yen"" 10 npanan land and groundwarer used Within one mile of the POint 01 Withdrawal. ,.,