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WSP06479
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Last modified
1/26/2010 2:22:57 PM
Creation date
10/12/2006 1:39:34 AM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Water Supply Protection
File Number
8407.500
Description
Platte River Basin - River Basin General Publications - Missouri River
State
CO
Basin
South Platte
Water Division
1
Date
11/1/1948
Author
USGS
Title
Discharge and Runoff in the Missouri River Basin
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
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<br />IH II ? ~ 4 <br /> <br />topographic maps, precipitation records, and <br />discharge records at nearby gaging stations. <br />Runoff distribution was also based partly on <br />records for 5tatlons that were not operated <br />thl'o:lghout the base period but for which . <br />some records of discharge were Qvsl1able. <br />Also, average precipitation for the 6-year <br />b8~e periOd .as computed for many of the <br />precipitation stations In the basin. The <br />number of precipitation stations was in- <br />sufficient to define an lsohyetal map, but <br />th~ precipitation recopd3 were combined with <br />estl:n:,J.ted water losses to help define the <br />runoff at sltes of precipitation stations <br />for areas where no better information was <br />available. The depths of runoff that are <br />sho~TI on plate 2 depend somewhat on the de_ <br />finition of runoff that is used in this re- <br />port. A different definition of runoff mlght <br />re3ult in marked changes 1n parts of the msp. <br />Two maps of runoff distribution for the <br />United States have been published and are <br />generally available. The earlIer one was <br />prepared by Henry Gannett.51 It was based <br />on relatively few and short discharge records. <br />It does not show much detail, and it indi- <br />cates higher runoff in some parts of the <br />Missouri River Bastn than is shown by the <br />average runoff for the base period 1938-43. <br />However, Gannett's map seems to have been <br />carefully prepared, and the effect of <br />topography on precipitation and on runoff was <br />apparently considered In Its preparation. A <br />map published by the NatIonal Resources Board <br />more than 20 years later shows more detail <br />than Gannett's map, but for the MissourI <br />River Bas!n the effect of topography on <br />runorf seems to have been given little cons- <br />ide~ation in the preparation of the map.11 <br />The average annual runoff from the <br />drainage area of the Mis80uri River for the <br />6-year period ending September 30, 1943, was <br />2 rnches. The map (pl. 2) shows clearly the <br />wide range of annual runoff, particularly in <br />the western part of the basin. These <br />dIfferences 1n runoff are du~, not only to <br />non~~iformity of precipitation, but also to <br />the effects of topography, geology, and <br />temperature on water losses from soil and <br />water surfaces. High elevations combined <br />with steep slopes, particularly slopes to_ <br />ward the north, are associatad with low <br />wator losses an~ thus with greater runoff <br />from a gtven amount of precipitatton. <br /> <br />Map of Minimum Annual Runoff <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />The minimum annual runoff from Q <br />drainage area often may be a9 useful 8 part <br />of studies of water resources in an area as <br />is the sverage Qnnual runoff. Plate 3 is a <br />map of minimum annual runoff for the. <br />Missouri River Basin that was prepared to <br />show as well 8S possible the minimum annual <br />runoff since 1900. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />This map was drawn principally on the <br />besls of computed depths of runoff for the <br />lear oC lowest runorr during the periodS of <br />~ Surface water supply of the United <br />States, 1911, Parts 1-12: U. S. Geol. Survey <br />Water-Supply Pspers 301-~12, p1~ 2. <br /> <br />7/ Distribution of average annual runoff <br />in the United States: Nat. Resources Board <br />Report, Dec. 1, 193~, p. 300. <br /> <br />,. <br /> <br />" <br /> <br />11 <br /> <br />discharge record at each gaging station. <br />Depths of minimum runoff that almost cer- <br />tainly represented the year of minimum runoff <br />since 1900 were noted on a map of the <br />Missouri River Basln, and these depths were <br />given full we~ght in drawing the isograms. <br />Depths of minimum annual runoff durIng peri- <br />ods of 8tream-flow record that probably did <br />not represent the 10weGt runoff since 1900 <br />were also noted on the base map but were <br />circled. Usually the circled figures were re- <br />duced to an estimated minimum since 1900 by <br />comparison with the minimum annual runoff <br />for nearby drainage areas that had dischapge <br />records during years of lower runoff. In <br />general, figures of minimum runoff that were <br />computed by applying large adjustments for <br />storage Or diveps10ns, or by substracting <br />discharge at one gaging station from dis- <br />charge at another gaging station farther <br />downstream, were given less weight than <br />figures that were based on more dependable <br />data. A first draft of the map of minimum <br />annual runoff was prepared from the computed <br />de~ths of mintmum runoff. This draft was <br />then compared with the map of average annual <br />runoff and was slightly revieed on the basis <br />of the comparisons. <br /> <br />Obviously the map of minimum annual run- <br />off ~ad to be based on runoff for different <br />wat~r years. That is, the minimum runoff did <br />not occur in the same years ror all draInage <br />ara~s. Also, the computed minimum annual <br />.runoff, being besed on records for only a <br />year, Is subject to wider random fluctuations <br />than a figure of average annual runoff that <br />is based on several years of record. In <br />spHf.I of difficulties in the prepapation of <br />such a map, plate 3 shows the minimum annual <br />runoff since 1900 reasonably well for most <br />pa~t8 of the basin. <br /> <br />A comparison of plates 2 and 3 shows <br />that the "islands" of high runoff on streams <br />flowing from areas of sand hilla in w~stern <br />Nebraska represent very stable flow. The <br />mlni~um annual runoff is only a little below <br />the average annual runoff for the 6-year ba~ <br />period. Throughout other semiarid parts of <br />the Missouri River Basin, the minImum annual <br />run.off .109 less than one-fourth of the <br />average annual runoff. In fact, n~arly 40 <br />pprcent of the entire basin had leas than <br />0.10 inch of minimum annual runoff. In the <br />~nre humid southeastern part of the basin, <br />the minimum annual runoff is approximately <br />one-third the average annual runoff. In <br />the high mountaInous areas the minimum annual <br />runoff Is about one-half the average runoff. <br /> <br />,I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br />~.' '.. <br />.,.,:;-".:.;. <br />~.~>~:-~:..~.~....I <br />.,..... <br /> <br />....1 <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />. .,. .~. . <br />;O::l\':1 <br />'..~'. .r.. <br />',...- <br />,.;:.:.~..y :. <br />.::.J .'.-. <br />
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