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<br />rose, juniper, Fendler bush, snowberry, bitter- <br />brush, deer brush, squawapple and Gambel oak. <br /> <br />Introduced plants that invade Ponderosa pine <br />understories include cheatgrass, wooly mullein, <br />dandelion, sleepygrass, snakeweed, rabbitbrush, <br />pinque, toadflax, Russian knapweed and others. <br /> <br />Society of American Forest Cover Type 237. 1/ <br /> <br />b. DOUGLAS-FIR <br /> <br />Physical Characteristics <br /> <br />(1) Physiographic Features: This species will <br />generally occur in Colorado at elevations from <br />7,500 to 9,000 (2,286 to 2,743 m) - (San Luis <br />Valley 8,500 to 9,500 feet [2,591 to 2,896 m]) <br />above sea level. This forest type prefers <br />north and east facing aspects. <br /> <br />(2) Climatic Features: Annual precipitation <br />averages 18 to 24 inches (0.46 to 0.61 m) with <br />an average annual temperature of 37 to 420 F. <br />(2,8 to 5.60 C) and a frost-free period of 30 <br />to 60 days. <br /> <br />(3) Native Vegetation: This type is a woodland <br />plant community. At lower elevations it is <br />associated with Ponderosa pine, white fir, and <br />aspen. In the upper elevations, it is asso- <br />ciated with Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, <br />and aspen. Limber pine and blue spruce may <br />also be present. <br /> <br />(4) Associated Understory Plants: Kinnikinick, <br />boxleaf myrtle, common juniper, oregon grape, <br />Gambel oak, snowberry, mountain muhly, Arizona <br />fescue, Thurbers fescue, elk sedge, Fendlers <br />bluegrass, and squirreltail. <br /> <br />Grazing Use: Generally, the only significant <br />grazing is found in the older stands, in <br />openings, or in parks in this type. Season of <br />use is the same as for Mountain Loam range <br />site. <br /> <br />Society of American Foresters Cover Type 210. 1/ <br /> <br />.(' .~ ~'.l" <br />'.... '. .."-'2..oL. <br /> <br />6-13 <br />