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<br />002580 <br /> <br />Alternatives <br /> <br />Alternative means of meeting municipal, in- <br />dustrial, and domestic needs include ocean water <br />desalting to meet growing demands in coastal areas, <br />and geothermal and brackish water desalting else- <br />where. Return flows from municipal and industrial <br />use add to the available overall supply. Waste water <br />reclamation, by desalting or advanced treatment and <br />reuse, is another alternative to meet a combination of <br />municipal, industrial, domestic, and irrigation needs. <br />Direct use of reclaimed waste water for domestic <br />purposes is not now permitted by law due to health <br />factors. <br />Systems for desalting and waste water reclamation <br />have been developed that indicate these measures are <br />possible. However, practical large.scale demonstra- <br />tions of desalting are required before the potential of <br />this alternative can be established. <br /> <br />Correlation of Resources and Needs <br /> <br />The Pacific Southwest's projected need for large <br />quantities of electric power requires many large <br />thermal-generating stations. Those thermal plants <br />located along the California coast offer opportunities <br />for multipurpose design to provide electric energy <br />and desalted water from the sea. Available studies <br /> <br />Municipal and Industrial <br /> <br /> <br />indicate that large-scale multipurpose nuclear plants <br />can provide water for municipal, industrial, and <br />domestic uses at acceptable costs. Relatively large. <br />scale testing is needed to determine the practical <br />operating cost and performance information neces- <br />sary to prove fully the viability and acceptability of <br />such dual-purpose systems. <br /> <br />Conclusions <br /> <br />These are the conclusions reached concerning <br />municipal, industrial, and domestic water: <br />I. Meeting new municipal and industrial needs <br />amounting to 15 million acre-feet annually by <br />2020 requires about one-half of the total water <br />to be developed in the Pacific Southwest. <br />2. If Pyramid and Walker Lakes are maintained at <br />their 1965 year-end levels, projected municipal <br />and industrial water needs in western Nevada <br />will not be met. <br />3. Costs for developing this water will be high, <br />approximately $11.1 billion (cumulatively) to <br />the year 2020. <br />4. Experience in large.scale desalting is needed to <br />provide a basis for employment of this alterna. <br />tive to meet the municipal and industrial <br />demands of the Pacific Southwest. <br /> <br />43 <br />