|
<br />,..~",'i:.l""
<br />
<br />3343
<br />3344
<br />3345
<br />3346
<br />3347
<br />3348
<br />3349
<br />3350
<br />3351
<br />3352
<br />3353
<br />3354
<br />3355
<br />3356
<br />3357
<br />3358
<br />3359
<br />3360
<br />3361
<br />3362
<br />3363
<br />3364
<br />3365
<br />3366
<br />3367
<br />3368
<br />3369
<br />
<br />.~_,.,",~~r~;r_...~~~'<<-od\,",*~~~~ _",_'~",,:'~'~'~~~'i~~~P'Jo,~_.
<br />
<br />lll"~,.."";;.1~)illi'..lloli..~;.;'t.~~;-,w-~{~::,:,t't-;::;,;..(-=..;~~~~~...b.~.~
<br />
<br />~
<br />~
<br />
<br />130
<br />
<br />,
<br />.
<br />r
<br />
<br />field operating total station, GPS, or other sophisticated survey equipment. However, in
<br />circumstances where precise survey control or measurement is not needed (Le, sub-meter),
<br />survey support may be limited to providing instnJments and training to scientist for the
<br />collection of survey data. This allows for more efficient use of the limited GCMRC survey
<br />
<br />:,
<br />,
<br />;<
<br />"
<br />
<br />:.1
<br />
<br />resources.
<br />
<br />All survey control points, data, site maps, and other survey related information is
<br />documented and archived in the GCMRC survey department. GIS sites are archived using
<br />FGDC standards of metadata, All positional survey coordinates are archived in the AZ
<br />State Plane Coordinates (Central) system. Control points are photo documented as well as
<br />described by river mile, GIS site, etc. All survey control is made available to anyone with
<br />a legitimate need for spatial positioning. Survey products are usually submitted to specific
<br />research projects funded by GCMRC. Independent survey operations such as control are
<br />archived internally and provided to researchers as needed.
<br />The GCMRC survey department tries to Dlinirni7e all potential impacts to the Grand
<br />Canyon river environment. Whenever possible, we try to utilize all existing control/survey
<br />monumentation. This includes bolts, X-cuts, nails, and survey monuments. However, in
<br />some cases it is necessary to set new points. These points are very carefully selected to be
<br />unnoticeable by the average person. We try to select natural features in the rock to use as
<br />control points. On occasion, when absolutely necessary, we will scribe a small X on a
<br />rock. Extreme care is always taken to avoid any survey operations on or near cultural sites
<br />unless that site is specifically being mapped. While mapping cultural sites we are almost
<br />always accompanied by an archaeologist, usually NPS.
<br />Another potential impact on the environment is the deployment of photogrammetry
<br />targets as ground control. These targets are laid on known control points for stereo
<br />rectification of aerial photography as well as other remote sensing applications. These
<br />panels provide a much less intrusive operation on a site than physically doing a ground
<br />survey. The panels are usually removed from the site within a month or the next GCMRC
<br />
<br />~
<br />
<br />'"
<br />:..'1
<br />
<br />.~~
<br />
<br />:~j
<br />,,",
<br />[i'
<br />J
<br />~'1"
<br />
<br />.'
<br />
<br />..~
<br />
<br />',.:
<br />
<br />,..'
<br />".,
<br />
<br />'"
<br />
<br />,
<br />~.~
<br />
<br />~.\
<br />"
<br />
<br />r
<br />("
<br />'it
<br />~
<br />~
<br />~$
<br />:./..,
<br />
<br />:j
<br />I
<br />
<br />November 5, 1998
<br />Second Draft - Do Not Cite, Photocopy, or Distribute
<br />
|