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2-28 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I u.s. Supreme Court decisions have adjudicated basin streams in three States, and an international treaty exists between the u.s. and Canada. Table 2-5 summarizes information on the treaty compacts and decrees affecting waters of the Missouri River Basin. Federal Water Law, Programs, and Responsibilities Federal water law is derived from two major sources, the Constitution and Federal statutes. Constitutional provisions account for those powers of the Federal Government which are expressly delegated or reasonably implied by the U.S. Constitution. Water-related provisions include powers granted under the Commerce Clause, the Property Clause, the General Welfare Clause, the Treaty Clause, the Congressional Water power, and Supreme Court Powers of water rights adjudication between States. Federal statutory provisions include several major water laws, a great number of lesser acts, and specific project authorizations. It is within the complementary pattern and application of these laws and those of the States that federally assisted water and related land resource development has proceeded. Many Federal agencies administer programs designed to accomplish comprehensive water and related land-use planning. Also, water-related research and data collection are carried out by many of these and other agencies. Federal agencies carry out programs relating to navigation on the Missouri River, including regulatory measures, maintenance of channels, structural improvements, and reservoir-river management to maintain streamflow. Federal activities with respect to the Nation's flood problems include structural measures to contain flood flows, land treatment measures to retard runoff, mechanisms such as insurance and disaster assistance to redistribute losses, and programs to promote regulations of land uses in flood prone areas to reduce the amount of flood damages.