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<br />001398 <br /> <br />- 3 - <br /> <br />Contour Terracing - Development of water storage capacity along the con- <br />tour by excavation and placement of soil as an embankment along the down- <br />stream side. Intervals vary with the precipitation and slope. <br /> <br />Cover and Green Manure Crop - A crop of close-growing grasses, legumes, or <br />small grain used primarily for seasonal protection and for soil improvement. <br /> <br />Critical Area Planting - Stabilizing severely eroded areas by establishing <br />vegetative cover. <br /> <br />Crop Residue and Mulching - Utilizing and managing crop residues for soil <br />protection on a year round basis or when critical erosion periods usually <br />occur. <br /> <br />Field Diversion - An interception channel near the contour to carry runoff <br />to a waterway. Intervals vary with the precipitation, slope and cropping. <br /> <br />Grassed Waterway or Outlet - A natural or constructed waterway or outlet <br />shaped or graded and establishment of suitable vegetation as needed for the <br />safe disposal of runoff. <br /> <br />Proper Cropping and Use - The use of close growing crops on erodible land. <br /> <br />Strip Cropping - Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips <br />across the general slope or on the contour to reduce water erosion. <br />approximately at right angles to the prevailing winds to reduce wind <br /> <br />or bands <br />Strips <br />erosion. <br /> <br />Structural Measures <br /> <br />The following list of measures and their definitions include most of those <br />now being used in the Pacific Southwest. <br /> <br />Channel Lining - Protection of the channel bottom and banks with concrete or <br />riprap. <br /> <br />Debris Basins - Storage for sediment provided by a <br />channel grade; by excavation below grade, or both. <br />an intended function of the structure. <br /> <br />dam with spillway above <br />Water retention is not <br /> <br />Diversions and Dikes - Devices used to divert water away from eroding areas. <br /> <br />Drop Structures - Concrete, masonry, sheet piling or earth structures placed <br />in eroded channels below the top of the bank to control grade, prevent fur- <br />ther erosion and provide sediment storage. <br /> <br />Jacks and Jetties - Projections built in the stream channel to divert currents <br />away from a vulnerable bank. <br /> <br />