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<br /> <br />o <br />(.' <br />r-~) <br />-...l <br />(it) <br />l\;) <br /> <br />SUMMARY <br /> <br /> <br />This appendix displays present watershed conditions existing and <br />future problems, and the opportunities available to solve these problems. <br />These opportunities have been translated into selected alternative <br />programs to resolve all or part of the problems described. The report <br />is directed toward showing the effects that protection measures will <br />have in contributing to or limiting production outputs while maintaining <br />a desirable watershed condition. The programs are the same as those in <br />the Land Resource and Use Appendix. Each program provides both produc- <br />tion and the protection required and cannot be logically separated into <br />production and protection components. Watershed management programs <br />also directly affect flood problems in upstream areas. Flood and <br />sediment damages resulting from upstream watershed problems and a summary <br />of watershed treatment oriented to watershed protection and flood pre- <br />vention are included in the Flood Control Appendix. <br /> <br />Present upstream watershed problems cause $8,7 million annual <br />damages: $6.7 million from erosion, $1.4 million from flood and sediment, <br />and $0.6 million from fire. Erosion is the most significant problem, <br />affecting 30.5 million acres. Approximately 3.9 million acres are in <br />critical erosion condition. Erosion affects 29,119,000 acres or 47 <br />percent of forest and rangeland, mainly due to soil disturbance caused <br />by overgrazing, timbering, mining, fire and road construction. Erosion <br />is the dominant problem on 1,075,000 acres or 48 percent of cultivated <br />and pasture land resulting in $0.5 million loss annually. Erosion on <br />286,000 acres of urban and other land causes $480,000 in damage annually, <br /> <br />Flood and sediment damage occurs on 429,000 acres, causing $1.4 <br />million damage annually, as a result of upstream watershed problems. <br />Flood waters cause damage to vegetation, structures and improvements, <br />with loss of animal and human life, and disrupt transportation and <br />communication facilities, Storage capacity of reservoirs is reduced <br />due to sediment accumulation. Sediment also affects fish habitat and <br />and is detrimental to water quality. <br /> <br />Fire is an annual problem on 27,000 acres of forest and rangeland. <br />It destroys timber, aesthetic values, livestock forage, wildlife habitat, <br />and increases erosion and resultant sedimentation. <br /> <br />The 30.9 million acres having erosion, sediment, and flood problems, <br />and needing treatment are highlighted in the discussion of watershed <br />treatment. Of the total region 72.2 million acres about 9 million acres <br />had adequate watershed treatment as of 1965 as shown in Tables land 2. <br /> <br />Projected watershed management protection programs needed for the <br />"Frsmework Plan" (based on Regionally Interpreted OBERS projections <br />of future production and needed resources) are expressed in acreage, <br />