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<br />Ol"l~l'l'l" <br />U.:o..UV' <br /> <br />TABLE OF CONTENTS <br /> <br />Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />Participants List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 <br /> <br />Irrigation Organizations and the Reallocation of Western Water, by Rodney T. Smith .... 1 <br /> <br />Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 <br />Historical and Policy Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 <br />A Brief Historical Sketch of the Development of Irrigation Organizations . . . . . . 4 <br />Potential Magnitude of Agricultural Water Transfers .................... 6 <br />Institutional Capacity of Irrigation Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 <br />Trustee Relationship Between District Boards and Water Users ............... 11 <br />District Governance and Local Concerns ............................... 12 <br />Role of Potential transfers in Regulatory/Environmental <br />Review of Agricultural Water Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 <br />Groundwater Control ............................................ 16 <br /> <br />Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 <br /> <br />Issues in Water Conservation, by Bruce Driver .............................. 19 <br />Background: Defining Terms ....................................... 19 <br />Present Policy and Conservation by Irrigation Districts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 <br />Some Proposals for Reform ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 <br /> <br />Irrigation Districts and Water Quality, by John Davidson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 <br />Water Pollution and Agricultural Runoff: The Nonpoint Source .............. 27 <br />Irrigation and Water Pollution ...................................... 30 <br />Regulation of Irrigation Return Flows Under the Clean Water Act ............. 31 <br />Impediments to Controlling Pollution from Irrigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 <br />Some Suggested Approaches ....................................... 37 <br />Charge Water at Full Market Price ............................... 37 <br /> <br />Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 <br />Subsidies ................................................. 38 <br />Facilitate Water Transfers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 <br />Reward Water Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38 <br />Involve Special Water Districts in Pollution Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38 <br />Redefine Point Sources under the CWA to Include Irrigation Return Flows. .. 39 <br />Require Irrigation Districts to Apply for NPDES Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 41 <br />Water Conservation Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 <br />Eliminate Dual Agricultural Subsidies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 <br />Condition Subsidies .......................................... 44 <br />Expand the Statutory Duties of Irrigation Districts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 <br />The Possibilities Provided by the 1990 Farm Bill ...................... 45 <br />Reconsider Reasonable Use .................................... 46 <br />Water Pollution Control Areas .................................. 47 <br /> <br />Some Thoughts on Governing Special Districts, by TIDI De Young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 <br />Two Types of Irrigation District ..................................... 52 <br />Institutional Decay .............................................. 54 <br />Debunking Democracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 55 <br /> <br />A Modest Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 <br />