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<br />
<br />fJfJn:l-'~
<br />
<br />thai occur in Ihf" rail' of fhH''- of the
<br />:'\orlh Plalh- HiH'r in winter when
<br />prac!icallr lhe ",'hole \olume of the
<br />riH'f i~ din'rll'd into lllf" canal. Thus
<br />it "hell hapr>l"fl$ that II Ruw of 1,500
<br />~:..ll. drur~ to 2(10 set'..!t in two or
<br />thff"<" hour~, anti incrf'a~ occur just
<br />11'1 rapidl~.. Without ('olllrol of the
<br />....ater leH'] in the canal. in" that
<br />formed on the $utfan' ....ould drop 10
<br />the bonom of the canal. The ice ill
<br />falling pu]]rJ loo!>e much of the 2.in.
<br />~hHlrrf"tf' lining in Ihe lined Srt'tiOllS.
<br />With an iW:reaM! in flow it was picked
<br />up and carril"d dowll$lream to fOfm
<br />ice jam!!.
<br />
<br />CaU~t." Palll<H1 (ailur.>
<br />
<br />It .....as "urh II jam that was respon.
<br />~ib]e for Iht' failufl' of the Paxton
<br />lIiphon on F'eb. 3, 1937. Ice. pilin~
<br />up Ill"hind II control !llrllclure, cau8ed
<br />II !lurgt" Ihat on'rlopped the hank~
<br />at the ftOulh "lid of the gipholl ,cour.
<br />ing out the bank. undermil1ill~ the
<br />siphun anli {'a-u,.jnj.: the 1"f1Jlall>ot'" of
<br />its southern end. Thi~ Lreak \oil:'
<br />repaired allll Ihe nslrm put intn
<br />opl"ratinf1 <I~ain ull \laTl'h :t IInh
<br />to haH! the ~outherll \"lId of th("
<br />~iphon collap!loe again on .\larch 30,
<br />The cau,.\" of the !'I('col1d collar"'"
<br />lIen'r wa!! ddinitely filed. thrr\" ha\.
<br />ing been no ice in the canal and no
<br />aLnormal hydraulic conditions. One
<br />theory put forward is that a large
<br />quantity of ice from the initial bn'ak
<br />fell into the hole scoured under thl'
<br />outlet end of the siphon. was huried
<br />there by thl" wAllh from the ,iphon,
<br />
<br />and wu lIot discO\ered whl"lI the
<br />fwlt' lOa~ refilled. "elting of lhi5 j('e
<br />with thl.' warmf'r lOrather r~ulted
<br />in Sf'UIf'liIcnt nnd ('olJap,w of the
<br />~iphon,
<br />Th(' uriginal control ,.truclur~ con-
<br />~i~tf'd "f a !'eri~ "f up<'J\in~$ about 6
<br />fL lOidf' ill lOhi("h upl'raturs eould
<br />plan' ,.tuplogs to kt't.p th.. waler sur-
<br />farc nf'arl~' cOIlJo.tanl. A~ lhl' pier..
<br />l'I'tlOe..n th("<.e olJof'nings chr("ked the
<br />IIWU'IIlent of ice Ihey have k_en re-
<br />lIIuvr-d alulle\iels nuw are mailltained
<br />!J~ the u~r of hand-operateJ !'tcd
<br />,.:atet; placed in the ",.idl'r of":'llin!fll.
<br />In pla~s where the canal hanks
<br />I,an' slumped badly the slope has
<br />"N'1l reduced (rom 1 on 1% to 1 on
<br />2, cun'es ha\'1" been protected agaillst
<br />l'TOsion by a gtil\e1 blanket and
<br />where bad Ilt'epage de\elopl'd rlay
<br />t,lank("1g ha\'e heen plae-ell. Silt de_
<br />pOf>itJ arl" slowly reducing tht' minor
<br />~l'l'pll~e los.sefl,
<br />Thl' ,lam;lCl',i :'!.in. ~hoh"r...le lining
<br />h,,~ 1"'1'11 TITIan." with Ihickt'r ~Ia"~
<br />of n"..-rt'\l' 1".un.,1 in plaf'l' nn tIll'
<br />l'allal ~1,,1"~'
<br />
<br />Sf'f>polfl.'f> (rolll n....cn.Olr
<br />
<br />TIlt' high l'mbankmenb forming
<br />~ull....r1allrl ff'''f'!f\'oir "t're built of
<br />,'an.fully f'QutroJled rolled fill and
<br />WNe linNJ lO'ith concrete. but ~p-
<br />a,ee d~\elopffi lOh"1I filling uf the
<br />rt'senoir ~gan. It lO-as of ~uch
<br />mS/,.'Ilitude 8.5 to interfl"re wilh cuhi.
<br />\ation of land belo",' thl' rt'Sl"t'.'oir.
<br />hl'nc.e the re!>('f\'oir ne\'er ha~ l>e'f'n
<br />filll'lj 10 \0 ithill 3() ft. Hf it:< I"p.
<br />
<br />(21 N.... kr'9"""'" pr'l>J..:t.
<br />~Po"'.'co,.."l.
<br />
<br />l
<br />
<br />Ir'i!t"~c",....I.
<br />. Pow., .............
<br />
<br />Silting of the r~rvoir buttum i~
<br />slowly checking the seepage. Whell
<br />\'isited this spring. the flow frum
<br />undl"r the main embankml"nt
<br />amounted 10 ahoul 2 sec,-(t.
<br />Seepage may }'et 3dd m3terially 10
<br />the co~t of thl'St' projecb as thl" ~late
<br />.'<uprl'me ('ourt reCl'nth' upheld an
<br />award of S..lf)() dama!lf' tu a farmer
<br />whu~ land was I'ut 0111 Ilf lIse b~'
<br />~"'.pa.l!f' (ruin Ih., ~utlw"an,1 rf"'-l>r'
<br />vhir.
<br />Di\'enion of water int., SUlher.
<br />land rl"Sf'f\-oir was re~ume{l in :'\0.
<br />,..mber, 1938, and the power plalll
<br />lO'as put into operation in Ol'celllDer
<br />of that year. Production of commer.
<br />eial po",er was bl'gun in Februar~'
<br />of thi~ vear .11lt! tHIS Iol"'en ullinter-
<br />ruplt'd "iDce tht'n J~:lpit(' partial fail-
<br />ure of Ihe lining of Ihe stilling ha$in
<br />at (he- outlf't of Suthf'rland r~en'oir
<br />Illtf' in 'brch. The lining has lwt'n
<br />fl"l,airf'd tf'ml'orarit~..
<br />
<br />I.('UP Itj\l'r ~ih
<br />
<br />Silt hall lung bet'n rt'co/?lIized as a
<br />major ob"lade to the Jrvelopmenl
<br />of power on lh" Loup Hi\'er ht'e8use
<br />the stream carrie$ frolll .05 to 2,0
<br />prr cent of silt and it is planned 10
<br />u~e almost the enlire !low during
<br />periud~ of It)w wateT.
<br />The Culumlou!'I projf'(.t of thl:' Loup
<br />Hi\er I~uhtic I'owl'r District con.
<br />~i..t~ of a low di\t'"rsion dam and
<br />~kimming ""I'ir about 51/2 mile!! above
<br />tht' tu\\"n of Genoa. 8 desilting basin
<br />200 ft. ""illf', 10,000 ft. long and 16 ft. Jl'ep and a St'cond ,.kimming weir
<br />
<br />(<;>/"...b<..
<br />_.
<br />PIol'lt
<br />I
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<br />
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<br />
<br />R~puhl":Q'J Ni...~
<br />
<br />Fig. 2. Tbe SUlberl.nd .ad c.:.lum(,u. pro;.....'. Ire complel..d .nd in oprutiua. ConllrQClioa work on the Tri.Coull11 pr-ojett
<br />i. ...11 .ton&. Kin~dC'y ",~..rvoir wiJ1 pro. ide Mor.!le for ,h., projett.
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