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<br />2-29 <br /> <br /> <br />1 r_, 'l <br /> <br />" <br />, <br /> <br />acting through the Bureau of Mines, to determine the feasibility of using <br />lignite coals and peat to produce fuel oils, gasoline, ammonia, tar, gas, <br />and similar products. <br />In 1944, the Synthetic Liquid Fuels Act further directed the Bureau <br />of Mines to construct, maintain and operate demonstration facilities to pro- <br />duce synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale, and agricultural and forestry <br />products.84 The major purpose of these projects was to develop the cost <br />and engineering data necessary to furnish private industry information to <br />foster development of a synthetic liquid fuels industry. Federally funded <br />production of such fuels was not intended to constitute a commercially <br />significant amount of the total national supply of petroleum or petroleum <br />84 <br />products. <br />The most recent federal efforts to stimulate a synthetic fuels produc- <br />tion industry are contained in the United States Synthetic Fuels Corporation <br />Act of 1980. A discussion of this statute is contained in subsection 2.7.8. <br /> <br />2.5 ATOMIC ENERGY <br /> <br />The use of nuclear fission technologies in energy production are <br />under tight control by the Federal government. As an outgrowth of de- <br />fense research and applications, and due to the sensitive nature of nuclear <br />materials and processes, the Federal government has established exclusive <br />jurisdiction over all matters relating to the possession, transportation, and <br />use of nuclear materials. <br /> <br />2.5.1 Atomic Energy Act of 1946 <br />At the end of World War II, Congress established the Atomic Energy <br />Commission (AEC) and granted it exclusive authority to control the research <br />and development of nuclear technology applications. The Act made the US <br />government the sole owner of nuclear fissionable materials and all facilities <br />for its processing and use. <br />The objectives of this Act are to assure for common defense and <br />security and, so far as possible, the "development of atomic energy shall <br />be directed towards improving public welfare, increasing the standard of <br />