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00595 from single programs but appear to result only from a combination of complementary policies and programs." There has to be a concerted use of all available public measures, supported by the main development force -- the private sector. Direct public actions like public works, and indirect measures like zoning regulations, should reinforce each other locationally and at the proper time. 9. City and regional planning can influence the direction and form of development and can provide for land use distributions which affect commuting patterns. The success of regional planning depends on skill in understanding the development forces at work; on a broad inclusive approach of regulatory and financial planning; on suitable institutional arrangements; and above all, on a political will to make decisions which often offend vested interests. 10. In the Denver area the institutional framework of municipal government and the arrangements for the provision of major services are ill equipped for guiding the direction or pattern of development, whether by means of planned and staged provision of services or through regulatory controls. The organization of services and urban planning in the area indicates a fragmented structure, a multiplicity of special purpose bodies and an ad hoc application of regulatory controls with little application to region-wide effects. 11. Combined services planning in the Denver Region does not exist. Furthermore, the area does not have an adopted regional development plan and the draft DRCOG document does not contain a program for staged development; if it did present a program for staged growth, there would be no means for implementing it because the DRCOG has no powers or responsibil ities for enforcing a program for staged development. 6 12. The unstructured nature of the provision of services in the region leaves all service agencies in some uncertainty, yet the lead time required to design and construct additional facilities forces the agencies to use their best judgment of needs and opt for certain solutions. This process may be mistaken, and util ity companies may be held responsible "for planning the region." This would be a false view of regional growth and a usurpation of powers by service companies.