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The Colorado River Workshop was he!d in Phoenix, Arizona during February, 1996. The purpose of the Workshop was to bring stakeholders together to discuss specific issues identified during the study Over 180 participants, a cross-section of basin interests, addressed such issues as hydropower, efficient water use, endangered species issues, water marketing, stakeholder involvement, the role of science in man- agement, and framework of basin management in facilitated discussion sessions. The goal of the session was not to reach consensus or resolve these issues but rather to increase understanding and communication among diverse viewpoints. Each issue topic was introduced by the author of a background paper, followed by a pane! dis- cussion, and individual breakout sessions. The following observations serve as a gen- eral summary of the sessions but are not intended to represent "consensus" of the workshop participants. A separate proceedings document is available. STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT Author Kurt Dongoske outlined the special problems to involvement on basin man- agement encountered by Native AmeriGms over the decades. Building on these exam- ples, participants discussed stakeholder involvement in a broader context. A list of individuals or groups of individuals with interests in Colorado River basin manage- ment were identified and factors that encourage and inhibit participation by these stakeholders were considered. Common driving forces for participation include grow- ing demands for water, concerns for the environment, and recognized needs to defend or assert rights through institutional channels such as litigation or legislation. On the other hand, the common inhibiting forces included economic burdens (i.e., the cost of participating), cultural differences, and a perceived lack of urgency Common sug- gestions to ensure more meaningful participation were: improve informational out- reach and educational efforts appropriate for the audience, improve institutions to ensure that participation will make a difference; and provide financial resources to enable aU stakeholders to participate. ENDANGERED SPECIES RECOVERY A briefing paper by Robert Wigington and Dale Pontius outlined the current recovery programs and made a case for better integration of these efforts. Participants began by listing areas in which endangered species protection is working, pointing out for example that we have more information on the problem of species decline and its eco- nomic implications, and that programs have resulted in additional funds being made available to restore species and their habitats. However, shortcomings were identified as well, including the fact that these programs have failed to establish secure popula- tions of listed species in most areas, funding is still not secure, and there is little agree- ment on program goals or appropriate recovery areas. How can the programs be improved? Suggestions focused on developing a strategic approach to endangered species recovery, with better articulated goals, more meaningful participation from affected interests, and a broader, long-term vision. EFFICIENT WATER USE Author Jim Dyer described the opportunities for creative conservation and efficiency in agricultural and domestic water use, Using their own experience, participants iden- tified common goals for maximizing resource availability; reducing costs; and improving