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WSP05034
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Last modified
1/26/2010 2:16:40 PM
Creation date
10/12/2006 12:48:09 AM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Water Supply Protection
File Number
8273.100
Description
Colorado River Basin Salinity Control - Federal Agencies - Bureau of Reclamation
Basin
Colorado Mainstem
Water Division
5
Date
7/1/1987
Author
BOR
Title
Monitoring and Evaluation of Salinity Control Projects - Interim Guide for the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
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<br />Ol.GO <br /> <br />are required on the local and regional geology and hydrol- <br />ogy and the chemistry of surface and ground waters, <br /> <br />Normally, a reconnaissance-level sampling program ~ <br />adequate; samples may be required from many locations, <br />but only for a short period of time, However, the acx:uracy <br />of data analyses, particularly the geochemical evaluations,. <br />depends on the quality of the data, Therefore, even at this <br />stage, rigorous sampling, sample handling, and laboratory <br />analysis procedures must be followed. <br /> <br />Synoptic surveys and geochemical modeling :rre ~o .useful <br />techniques in identifying sources of salt loading ~thin ~ <br />project area. Synoptic surv~ys are conduc~ed by ~teUSlve- <br />Iy sampling a large area durmg a short pen~d of time: For <br />salinity control projects, the simplest synopl1c survey mv?l- <br />ves measuring the specific conductance and streamflow m , <br />surface water streams, drains, and springs throughout the <br />project area, <br /> <br />In the major streams, measurements shonld be taken <br />upstream and downstream from all tributaries and <br />suspected areas of dissolved-solids loading, The survey <br />shonld be conducted when loading sources have their <br />greatest impact on stream chemistry, This is usually <br />during periods of low streamflow, when a large percent~ge <br />of the flow may be contributed by natural baseflow m.d Ir- <br />rigation return flow. Significan! loading sources ~e ~den- <br />tified by large increases in specific conductan~ Wlthin ~ <br />short reach of the stream, This type of synoptic survey IS <br />recommended as a fIrst step for all salinity control inves- <br />tigations, <br /> <br />A more complete survey involves ~easuring s.treamfl?w <br />and taking water samples for chelWcal analySIS at varIOUS <br />locations in the project area, These data can then be <br />analyzed using mass-balance computations to dete~e <br />the increase in dissolved-solids load through the project <br />area and by geochemical modeling to identify specific <br />sources of loading. <br /> <br />Use of geochemical models in salinity investigations has <br />been described by Rittmaster and Mueller (1985 and <br />1986), Because the models are sensitive to errors in the <br />water-chemistry data, sample collection and onsite' <br />measurements shonld adhere to the guidelines given in the <br />chapter an "Hydrosalinity sampling and sample handling" <br />in this report, <br /> <br />Prediction of Project Effects <br />After a potential salinity control project has been iden- <br />tified, data collection shonld be revised to provide informa- <br />tion for prediction of project effects. The spatial scale of <br />sampling will generally be reduced and temporal intensity <br />increased to provide more data on specific problem areas, <br />The goal of this stage is to estimate current dissolved~ <br />solids loading and predict the reduction in loading which <br />might be achieved, by the project, A secondary goal is to <br />provide preproject data for comparison during postproject <br />verification. Therefore, certain parts of the sampling <br />program shonld be maintained during project construction <br />and, become part of verification sampling. <br /> <br />In other words, after the significant dissolved-solids load- <br />ing sources within the project area have been identified, a <br />long-term sampling network can be established to provide, <br />data to predict the effects of implementing salinity control <br />practices, This network shonld be maintained during and <br />after project implementation to.provide data tcr verify the <br />effectiveness of the project. <br /> <br />A common method of prediction in salinity control studies <br />has been the hydrosalinity budget, or mass-balance <br />analysIs. In this analysis, the total dissolved-solids load <br />from all iriflow sources is compared to the outflow load, <br />and the difference is the salt pickup within the defined <br />area, Budgets can be computed for the entire project area <br />or for subareas. The most important consideration in this <br />analysis is to choose an area where all the inflows and out- <br />flows can be determined. A basin with a well-defmed out- <br />flow point and a minimum of inflows is generally best. <br /> <br />6 <br /> <br />7 <br />
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