My WebLink
|
Help
|
About
|
Sign Out
Home
Browse
Search
WSP04999
CWCB
>
Water Supply Protection
>
Backfile
>
5001-6000
>
WSP04999
Metadata
Thumbnails
Annotations
Entry Properties
Last modified
1/26/2010 2:16:30 PM
Creation date
10/12/2006 12:47:15 AM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Water Supply Protection
File Number
8054
Description
Water Salvage
State
CO
Basin
Statewide
Date
6/1/1975
Author
Utah Water Research
Title
Water Salvage Potentials in Utah - Volume II - Evaporation Suppression by Reservoir Destratification
Water Supply Pro - Doc Type
Report/Study
There are no annotations on this page.
Document management portal powered by Laserfiche WebLink 9 © 1998-2015
Laserfiche.
All rights reserved.
/
83
PDF
Print
Pages to print
Enter page numbers and/or page ranges separated by commas. For example, 1,3,5-12.
After downloading, print the document using a PDF reader (e.g. Adobe Reader).
Show annotations
View images
View plain text
<br />prevents the typical hydrodynamic flow net with <br />flow toward a sink being contributed from all <br />.elevations (Koberg, 1965, and Harbeck 1958). <br /> <br />The temperature drop due to outflow (TDEC) <br />is subtracted from the temperature increase due to <br />suppression (TPLS) and the net increase is added <br />to the accumulated net increase from previous <br />months to obtain the correction (TSUMA) to the <br />mixed reservoir temperature (TMIX) from which <br />the second iteration value of suppression is <br />calculated. <br /> <br />Since both TDEC and TPLS are functions of <br />suppression, the corrected suppression value <br />(SUPPB) implies a change in these secondary <br />effects and a third iteralion is needed for all <br />required parameter values. <br /> <br />Since TPLS varies linearly with suppression <br />volume the correction in this parameter is <br />determined from the ratio SUPPB/SUPP(l). The <br />revised TDEC value is calculated in the same <br />manner as the original value but using the <br />corrected mixed temperature (TMIXB). The final <br />value of suppression (SUPPC) is determined from <br />the corrected net increase in temperature for each <br />month. The correction between SUPPB and <br />SUPPC is normally small enough that no further <br />iterations are required; however, certain conditions <br />can result in convergence problems. thereby <br />requiring additional iterations with a slightly <br />modified algorithm. This portion of the program is <br />discussed later. <br /> <br />The final monthly values of suppression are <br />weighted according to the assumed monthly <br />distribution of evaporation and volumes of <br />suppression and accumulated in order to produce <br />the seasonal suppression volume. <br /> <br />All pertinent monthly parameter values are <br />included in the program output in order to allow a <br />visual check on the validity of each step in the <br />process. The program and output are listed in <br />Appendix H. Because of the large number of <br />variables used, a definition of all variables is also <br />included in this appendix. <br /> <br />Convergence of the algorithm. The basic <br />algorithm described previously normally results in <br />very rapid convergence (three iterations) to the <br />proper mixed temperature and suppression values. <br />Under some conditions, however, the algorithm <br />became unsteble and did not converge at all. This <br />problem occurred in situations with very high <br />monthly outflow. The problem occurred when a <br />very high outflow factor caused the net change in <br />mixed temperature between iterations I and 2 to <br />be significantly negative. This resulted in a second <br /> <br />suppression estimate which was substantially <br />higher than the first, with a corresponding large <br />correction in secondary effects which gave a third <br />suppression estimate slightly lower than the first <br />and hence an unstable result for further iterations. <br /> <br />In order to obtain convergence in this unusual <br />situation a heuristic modification to the algorithm <br />was added. The difference between the second and <br />third estimates of monthly suppression are <br />determined. If this difference (CB) exceeds 5 <br />percent, additional iterations are performed. The <br />fourth value of suppression is' computed as a <br />function of the average between the first two values <br />of mixed temperature. This results in a correction <br />to lhe suppression estimate that is smaller (and <br />more accurate) than thai of the basic algorithm. <br />This resulted in convergence with only four <br />iterations under all conditions for the available <br />dala. The only assumption necessary for the <br />validity of this perturbation of the algorithm is that <br />the initial correction to mixed temperature is in the <br />correct direction. <br /> <br />This modification of the algorithm was not <br />required in the 24 month model because the <br />conditions which require it (high outflow to storage <br />ratio) are never present in the types of high <br />carryover storage reservoirs to which this model is <br />applied. <br /> <br />Twenty-four month model. This program is <br />identical to the seasonal model during the first <br />calendar year of operation except that it can be <br />started at any month at which initial mixing is <br />desired (NLAG) and it is continued past October to <br />the end of December. The fact that artificial mix- <br />ing would not normally be continued during <br />November and December does not require a change <br />in the model. The stop of artificial mixing implies <br />that by this time the natural cooling process would <br />have essentially eliminated the thermocline. As <br />natural overturn occurs, the reservoir behaves for a <br />period very much like it would if artificial mixing <br />were still being induced (essentially a isothermal <br />profile). <br /> <br />The second year of the model simulates a <br />situation in which no artificial mixing occurs; the <br />natural thermocline develops except that it has <br />superimposed upon it. the residual heat from the <br />previous season's suppression. The purpose of this <br />segment of the model is two-fold. (I) to determine <br />the time required for the reservoir to recover its <br />natural temperature and (2) to calculate the <br />negative suppression (the above norrra! I,,""i:'apora- <br />tion) during this heat decay period. <br /> <br />Mixing may actually be continued for two or <br />more consecutive seasons, but the proper combina- <br /> <br />30 <br />
The URL can be used to link to this page
Your browser does not support the video tag.