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<br />)'In !9CjI,I,ri..'ale ulililic~ r~cci\',,:d ll.lll'(,
<br />01 h:dl~ral elf~l:lriL: pn.....cl. mUnil'lr;JliLII,,'~
<br />21,.111'0 and r1lral eh'I.'lril.: ~lhlrcr.III\\.'.'
<br />.',511,'0. Rllral E1t'l"U ifll'::i1 inn f\.1i,l.~.IIllll.'J
<br />p. 2. f\J,lrth J 4.'i J
<br />
<br />':lll\'l!l~ \. ~'II,!.:.lf1la. .'XH U.S. 1III)h"),
<br />1,:nf"t''''cl!.\// \' United 5:;lI1fl'~. .'{lJ U.~ tlh 1
<br />1196f,I,
<br />
<br />"lIonJt'r I'. ~ 'irJ~/f1;i1 Hoard (JfDhll.lfl,lll.
<br />:llO LJ S. ho.\ 119(,11)
<br />
<br />"Sel' A:ofe/' \" UI!tmJ (!f Rl\'('T Pori
<br />PiJ", ( f//I/fll/':.-iIJIWn, J:1l1 II,,S, ~:;~
<br />t It).-l"'il. I hI,,' ('Il!Il'l IL-.:ld th..il rl..'>lril.[ill~ 1111'
<br />dlgihllily for I.'lllplll) 111':111 nl lll.",l plhll'
<br />In f;lIllily ml'lIIhl'r" "I' l'urfL'r11ly ":11l1\1<l;L'd
<br />pdl1h 111<'1 Illillilll,d <.,l;!lll!;lr.h '\1
<br />r.llilll1.dll'
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />associal;.1ns over c'<1Il'ltll1ers who arc CIlstomers of private utilities. The
<br />argllmel1l fails on sevaal grounds. First, the preference clause does not
<br />prohihit thc ,ail' of e1ectridty to privale IIlilities, but only sets up a
<br />vystem <1r priorit ies rM thc allocatioll of limited resources. Privately-
<br />oWlled u!ilities have in !he pas! ohtained sigllificant amollnts of Fedcral
<br />electric power, alld ccllltinue to rccejv,~ such power today." For
<br />,~xample, investor-llwlltd CIlSllJlI\rrs of the Western Area Power
<br />Actmlnis!rati,'n r\'cei\'cd over 15"'" of the Federal power sold hy the
<br />agcnlY ill PPH, and ill Ihe ..,alllt? Yt\\1 inn:',r.,(or-l)\\"[lCd IIlililies ohtained
<br />12.50:11 1)1' Bl'illll~\ ilk'" l)jj()1I1I.
<br />SeClllld. !he argllnlcn! that the mcthod 01 distrihntion of Fcderal
<br />power illlpr1IpL'rl\' i,lisl..'rimilli.lIe,'-l agaill."d Clblolllcrs of private utilities i~,
<br />in\'alid, ((\Il!;II..',,>:O-, Ila:-, t1J"(Idd :..IiSl.:fCli\Hl in Iht' al!t)('ation (If FcJcral re.
<br />:-,Oilr(t"" Sn Idllg ;'h (he di"'lillllitHJ~. made by Cnngre:'ls do not disnimi-
<br />nate a~aill~1 a "[1l"Lifil.' da...... nf pL'r:-.OIlS, ~lU.:h a~ minorities,~: or in(erfere
<br />wilh fUIHtlnWlllJI Iighh. ;'Udl ~s I Ill.' right It) VOIl.?, II actions which c?vi-
<br />d<:l1c\.' l~\'l:rl 1111 111 III 1I III ~Ialldanb or raliullalilY ha\'c bt'l~n upheld by fhe
<br />\","our b, 14 The Ctlllgr~......' ;kl:'isillll III gi\'e prinrllY 10 i..'crlain classes or
<br />lllililj" ~y.....I('i1I... tIll,1 agcllL'iL", i~ hasL'd nil ~lIllil.:'iC'nlly ra[ional grounds III
<br />SlIl"vi\'t.' 1l11lh:ial ."}....fi11 in~',
<br />Third. Ihl' di',ll ihllllllll llf h:'tkrall'eSPllrl.'l'~ ha~ never been Sl.ll.'(e~~,.
<br />fuliv i.lll.ld\l'd litl :lll' ~r('lIlld Ihal IHlI all pt.'hnll~ share ~411ally in Ihem,
<br />\\'I:ILlr.' p:i\'IIIt:llh anJ h:-dcral ...~hnlar~hips arc limiled 10 pC'r~on..., whu
<br />1l1l't:1 Illl"'lIll' lTitl..'ria, dc:,pik Ihe 1'i1(1 Ih~t1lh~y are ohtail1cd Ihroug.h lax
<br />dnllar....lllllw gL'fll~r;d r'llhlh'. [\CIl wher\: nn c:o.:plidllimil<llion is pla.:cJ
<br />t)(} lhl: l'IIJIl.'dlll'lll dl rL'lkrall'(,...lIu!"Cl'~ by cl'r1ain ~C'gmcllb l)f Ihe popu.
<br />liltioll~ llw f:.H:lllwl ...,(!llk' pc r.... t Ill."; hcndillllllrc than olhers i~ not a Lon-
<br />sidl.'fillll)1l Pllhli...: park" al"L' :-l,\';lililhk llnly [ll those \\'110 (an find trall~-
<br />ponalillll 10 jht:m; h.'lkrally slIb,,'ddilL'U train Il"a\'d is availahle only tn
<br />dlO'C III the \.jc.illi!.I. <11 Ih,. traill system. Similarly, Fcderal power is
<br />availahle first 111111n....c clllilic~ \l,:hidl arc ..(I "'Ifudllred IlJallhcy qualify
<br />as pft"'h?I\~nc~ l:ll:~-ltlllh;'h, Although ~lISlnnh~1 ~ 1)1' pri\'ltle utiliti("s ma)
<br />IllH han: cqu;,i1 il~L't:"';" 10 redt.:ri.ll power. lhal l:ir....lIlJlslunCt~ c.xi~ls he-
<br />.:au:-.I.: llill,'ll i:lI....llHlh~r.... l1a\c dhl~l:1l 10 hl' SI.:f\cd hy pri\'ale Ulilitit:s
<br />fi.lllh:r 1 hall plJhlh.:IY-I1\\ IIcd III ililiL'.,. anJ nll( bl'callst.' of allY ullconstilll-
<br />I illll.'ll nr impl Opl'!" di~\_Tilllill;lIinll h~ Ihl:' I'cd~ral (icw~rnll1clll,
<br />The t?\iSlcnLt:- \)r a I'r~krL:Ih.:~ 1I11l1e di..,lribuliull of Federal pO\\L'r l1a'l
<br />bCt'1l likcllcJ hy '>tllllC L'lilii.':-o In Ih~ g.ranl ()I 'ol'Ldlld d.lS~ mailing pri\'i,
<br />Icgt"s fnl pllrL'l~ Pt)!tlh,:.d rL';t"iUI1::. O! Ilw dllJlinalioll I)f la\t.'~ on (er1:-lin
<br />brand:-, 1)1' L'igarl.'lIe,>. TllL'~l' :tllalngit''l alC ",;pllrinll~ fur many rL'a~OI1'l,
<br />Firsl. (hcy igllOft: Ih~ 1'.1\.'1 Il1al (a\ L'.\t.:lllptiull for go\'crllmcnl agellcie~
<br />allJ non-profit org,tlli"llil)Il.... whil.'h rCl:ci\,l,:' prl'fcrcn..:e pO\\'l.:'r are bused
<br />on ('llllstitutillIl:11 l"l'ljuil'L'llIcIlIS illld ha...,il..' legi~lali\'t.' polii:)' dc\..'i~ions
<br />which ,III.' lill hlil;ldl'] Ihall IhL' i~'ollt.: \)f ~rk'i..:ialla.\ hL'lh~fih ilnd mailin~
<br />pri\'ilegL' ril]' p:trlil.'lIlar t:ollljlil.llic.''L ~L'Llll\(I. Ihey t)\'crlook th~ fad lhal
<br />Ihe pf~fcrCIl(L: ;:Iau~(' afkl".'h a r(,~!ll!al('d illdll~lry, and dl)Cr.; 1101 di~nlpl
<br />a frt:'dy l..'Ompl.:'lilivt.: 1l1;lr~cl. a.'1 would thl' grant of spcLial mailinp. pri\'i-
<br />kgt's (lr la\ C \1.:' III pi 1011;>. 10 -;J1t.'Lially ....dCl.'IL.d hll~inL'sI.iC::-', Third, thc~' fail
<br />10 r(.L'oglll/,~ Iha! I Ill' IHL'fcrl..'ll~c righl III F\.'lkr.I1 power i~ 1101 grounded
<br />nn polilii..:al ~'\pcdklh'Y, \11111)n rational and dl'l'ensibk' fe-daal polkie:-,
<br />wilh rl'}~i1rd It) tilt.' Ji....llihlJlioll 1)1' pllhlirl~ 11\\lwd rc:soun.:es, Thc Sur,
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