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<br />'Al.:lofMay20.186:!,12SIJI.J9:\, <br />..B U.S.c. 212 <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />hencfil, of puhlic pr".Ic'':ts go dir"ctly t,) the people Ihrough govern- <br />menial or Ill'n..phllit in.,lIll1tiu'h; 131 Ih,., electric utility indu'lry, he- <br />cause ilS ph~si(i11 ...:har~I(I~ri:-ilic~ l.:ompel a monopoli!\tic strucrurel <br />\\(>llId b,'lIcr ".fle Iltc Nallon ilthere were varied fornh of ownership <br />~il1ct.' 11li.:' ahll:-'l'''' pr('''l~nl ill any nllHloJ'l)ly sysl~m would be reduced or <br />c1imin<llcd; 141111c;1I ~nlc.rt1mental and cooperati'e IIlililies are in gen- <br />eral ,"lllilllL'1" I hall priv.lldy owned ~omrallil.", and (heir reliance on <br />pll\\Cr j1l1rdlil\L'd rr'lllll'ri\.i.tl~ (()llIpjjl1ic~ ~lhll1ld h~ reullced hy making <br />a\-ail:1bk In 11ll.'1II t.'\..'~.;';', rl{)\\-cr i'rl)fIl FeJeral prnjel..'h; and (5) Inert! <br />(nllll.)l (1\'L'1 Pll\~'l'r dhlnhlllinll i~ ~I wunhwilik gtlallhat (he preference <br />clau'-;l; '....lltli~1 j"HlIllllllc. TIIL'\I? Cl.llh.:CP(S i:1IL' .ill'll ;1" \'aliJ louay :1:-. Ihcy <br />\\'CI t' \'."h,~J\ 1111' rn....1 1'1 L"!Cfl'lll':l' dilll~c Icgi~la(inn \\ ,I." cnacted_ <br /> <br />A, <br />Power (;"lIerah'lI al J't'drral H).droelet'r;., ..1Icililirs <br />is a I'lIhlic tt""IlH." Whi,.h Shollhl Hellefil Ihe Publie <br />Ralher 'h:lIIl'rh.a'.' Ct.mpallie,. <br /> <br />fh" Nali,," I"" 1\"1 dctcrlllincJ Iltat Ihe dc.iric ulillly indu'lry should <br />bl' u\\llc.1 and Ilj"k'ralt.'d c.\dll~i\"dy h~' Ihe go\crnnWnl anet Ihus <br />ilpcr:lIcd dl1 ;11I111I'PIl.lfil ba....i.... a... i.'I I nit? in many illdu'itrializcu nafion~ <br />rI1H)1I~h'IlJllI1C \\tll"l.l. 'I'll<.' pl)lil..'Y \\1; h;j\\~ ;tUhCrl~d 10 b Ihal \)fsllppnrt- <br />il1l! a phll:t1i-.lit.' lJ'idlhlJ \ II'. \\ ltid1 1I1ih.:h of Ihl' nalion''I ckl..'lric energy i.~ <br />gt.:Ilt.'r.III'd. II";lIl:-lIill!cd tllld di-.Irihllll'J III ullimillC LonSUlller~ hy pri- <br />\'all.'i~' ll\l,'nt.::d, prll(II-l1lll"IIl~~ LOlllpallic:;. Hll'!"t.' dnc~ (11)1 appear In hl' <br />all> :-criolls cflllrl III ..:liallgl' 111<11 1'~I:...iL' r"lllt.:~; III fa!..'l, a:... will ht.~ di...- <br />L'lI~...;('d IdlCl, PII.'>l:lyalillll of c.lIl'h plllrali:...1ll I~ IU1(' lll" Ih(' compelling <br />cOllsidcldliofl.., 11'1 Il'I;lIl1iil,!; Ih( prL'Ii.'rCIlL'(' l'lall'c,('. <br /> <br />Howc\tr, Ihe dl'I.'i~inll to I)PLJ':tll.' it nalillnal PO\\'I..'f SYSlem primarily <br />Ihlollgh pri\':!ldy 1)\\,I1L'd (':IHTHlra1idlls doc~~ 1l011lt'gatc (he fundamental <br />prrnciple thai the cllil<"" Cof this e'-'IIIltr) shllllld have a priorilY in realiz- <br />ing the IWIlCrils of t:'.\C~~~ po\\\'r gl~ncral('d hy ~o\'~rnmenli.ll racililie~. <br />The hest way 10 ensllre Iha'lhc'l. hcndit,. arc passed Jir,'ctly and C.Xelll- <br />.-,ively 10 111L' puhlic i~ III dislri!Hllc IhclH IhrlHlgh lo\,:al gl)\CrJll1lcllIal <br />IIllilS or IluI)lIgIlIJnII-pl'ofll Cl){Ipl:'l"diin'ly owned ~ysl('nh which ,He per. <br />forming a PlIhli...: sl'!"\'it.:l.' hy \upph'ing I.'kl...'lriL'al cn~rg~' 10 lhl'ir I..'nmlllll- <br />Iii{il..'~. The h:dt.'I;d gU\('rIl/llL'1l1 hih rrcqllt:llll~ lIladf.' Iht.' ueTermination <br />Ihal nallullal i"t''''\Hlr..:{:~ _"Ilnllld 11t' de\'pIL'd dirL'clly In Ihe NatilHl', <br />people, and ha, dilc',-tcd Ihal I he',.' r"""II.CCS he distributed \\ilholltlhc <br />IhC l)f an in'CfIl]t~di;lr~' whi,,:h \\,Hlld add ils profih III the CllSI llf dis~ <br />Irihlllloll, Th,~ ha....i\ for Ihi'l i.', lhe: hdiL't'lhal, while IhL' r('...nllrc~s Illay hL' <br />!",'lHurolkd h) Ihl..' gl)\crlllllCnI, actual ()w!lt.'r:-.hip rl'sh III the people <br />IhemsL'lvcs, \\"lIh lilt:' g(n~'llll1WIlI a~:lln~ as a tru:-.ICt..' for lh~ publi\.'. <br />The prCklL'lll:t.: Lli.IlI~I..' i..,. Ilk'fl, all L'.\prc...,sion of 0\\ llL'rship ri~h1S. ThL' <br />Federal go\'\.'rnl1l('1l1 l'\prl''''''l..'d ih H~(:nglli'ipll of .....;ul'h righls when il <br />granted land I1ndcr Ihe' Hllrnestcad .'\Lt directl) to homesleadcrs rather <br />than selling Ihe '"nd tll private land dl'vclopmem companies.'" Simi- <br />larly, if thc I.cdcral gO\cfllm"llI had made Ihe decision 10 distrihule <br />power from Federal t"a'.llitie., Jirc'etly 10 ultima'e con,"mers, it \\l)uld <br />have heen ohligatcd to make Ihose disl rihulions before it dedicated <br />power [0 privately owncd ulility companies. since Ihe power was owned <br /> <br />18 <br />