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<br />'.';lle Or Federally l.:l)nSIIIlCh~d inll",'r1it''; ...hollld ,,:l)Il11l:,'1 Ihl.' I.\nTllle\'ill('
<br />I'rlljecl in Ihe 11l1r1hlle'l, Ihc H"lWCI [lam ,ml! tile C,'l1lral Valley ill
<br />C~lifornia. Lcgislation a\lthori/ing th,. illlcnic, had rcquir..rt that
<br />efft)fI~ fir.'" ht~ made 10 re~IL'h rc.'a.'il)IJ(jhk ~1~rC'l'llICllh lHl CIIIL'..,rUClilln
<br />with privaH' utiliTies. \Vhen it appcarl'cllh;lI pri\ llll~ ~l)!l::.lnl~'lidll \~(luld
<br />be arproved by Sec:ret'\Iy Udall, .I"/lIhl1ll ,"cm,J,'d him alld dircckd
<br />the l~nnstrllction of Fl'..'dC'ral illl~nic~ h~t \\L'clllhl' [hlL't' :-.YSll'IllS. III 197-1.
<br />Congr~s.'l appro\"l.:d ,he: Pat:it'it: NOllh\\L"d h~(krid rrall...!lli~"illll Sy""
<br />tCIll, HR Stat. 1376, 1611.S.C R3~, .,.lIi,,1I cml''''IC'r..'d Ih,' Ikpanm';1I1 "I"
<br />the Inlerinl" 10 utilize rCSt:nrl~"i frlllll llw h:(kr:t1 (,)liilllhi" Ri\L'l" Pll\\"cr
<br />Syslem 10 finarll:e l:l1l1~[rl1C1il'll, IlpCr:lli'-lI) i.Illd lllaiJlII.'llillh.:l.' ,)1' th\.'
<br />transm;,sion lill"'.
<br />A'i power lIeeds ill Iht: NOrlll'.'.c:-.1 hl..'~!;tIl 111 Ill~drl~' mall..'h rI1\\"L'r
<br />t.ap:ll:ity, it he-came ~1~I\l'fally r('~ll:!IlILl'd Illal 111(' 11,.",1 IllL'l11tl;:! Ill' lI~il1g
<br />Ihc flower d\'l1ilahk ill Ih~ f'cgiull \\:\'. (Ll ,.'rC;i!I' l'tI\\t:'J" !1lIU/-., ;Hld III
<br />Illili/~ a miX l)f hydl'od..'l..'lric :0111 rlll'llllid I~IJ"~I..'I III .,11ilpl..' h),H.t-. alill
<br />III1..'cl pc'aking f'L'quirCtllt;llh. :\ll.'l)hlin~I.\. t Ii... Hnlllll'\ Ilk j>{l\\"1'1
<br />Adl11illislral it}lI agrl.'L'd 11.1 plln.:h:I"L' fl' \\\ (:1 i~l'l]l_'f ;ill..d h\' 1111.'llllal generat-
<br />ing plants which \\"l'fl.' l..'dnSlnIL'tl.'I.1 h\' pllhli.... :lgL'J1l"IL'" :llId pi i\ alt.' IIIi1i-
<br />lie;... Tlw l'll~t or publici) .!:!l.'IH.'Llll:d j1.)\\l:J" \\'i1" f:I...'I,J["l'd intI) Ihl' L'\)-.I III
<br />power dl.,lribu{I.'d by BUJHll'\ Ilk pl)\\\'I'. :1I1d I"'rl\;lll"h' ~.:II('r;tll'l1 Ptl\\l'f
<br />wa:.; to he illlL'I"L.'llallgL'd \\ilh BP:\. 1111"....,. IIllf!l1l' l1ydrllll1Llll1~tI pld-
<br />gram ,1111;,.'ip;lh.'d III;d jl{ll" pl/hlll' .:IIid pri \ ;lli: ill illl it:.. \\ ',\lIld IJlhkJ J;l~ C
<br />l'Oll:,lrlIL'linll ll) 1I1L'L'1 fu(ure IlL'cd.,, ~Illd I\lllllll'\ iiI,' 1,\11111.1 "lIl~pl~ 11'-
<br />scr\'c~, pro\'ide ll)ad :'lliapill!-! and "llppl:, Ir;t!i-.llli"...illl\ It(ml.'\I?r,I\',ll
<br />It'gal i..:ha//l'll~~~ In the program, jJ(ir{ uf.-IINI/"{,", t' Nor/t'I, S '.I<e J )"h
<br />(l). Ore. 1975) alld N.~.n c. c. l/od,'I. .\1' I ~lIl'p. 5'/1) tj) (lr,'.
<br />1977). forccd pO...lpOIlL'1l1Clll Il1" IhL' prn~'r:llll I'I:lhJli'I!! 1111..' L"{llllpklilHl ,'I'
<br />cll\'lnHlm~lltal illlpacl ,r~tll'llk'llh. Nlll1l'llll.'k.,...., Ill......l' L,(j'IIJ"l" L'\I.'llIjlli.
<br />riel! Ille increa~ing pL'rL"cplioi\ uf tll': 1I....cl",.,il.'! f,"! \\dl\.; tdgL'lhL'1' It\ liIL'L'1
<br />power nf.~eds.
<br />RC(L'llLly, private III ililic:\ ha\-t; bl':~lln i d '-."L'k rrl'kr'~'Il(l' PI 1\\ ,T as 1111'
<br />contillued gro\\'lh of rl.'qllirL'l\l(,lll~. {Ii' pf.'kll'lll'I' .1;~I,:lh'i,:', fill"',:., pri\;\ll:
<br />IHilifll~"; 10 rcdll":"L' lll" gi\L' up IIJL'iJ h\\'.-.'I1'-.1 I l_'lkl;d p.l\\l'l. III .~!L'lh.',;d,
<br />pri\illC lItilillCS arglll.' 111,11 Ihe j11L:!l:ll'111'v. 1.111"': l~. iJh'I,.',t...il1t~l~ 1I1li";lir,
<br />SillL'l: i, rO~I(T~ ;In (,\L'J"-widL'llill!!. 111'(1,1: II.', b,:I\',,,' '11 Ill,.' LIlI.'.... ,:Ii:II!-!,,'d
<br />UllillliHC l,.'()Il....lInh.'r...; hy prL'l'L'rcIlL'c pllr,,'!I.J-.vi"'\ I~I I ,:.II.'l:tlllll\\,-'i tIll Ilh'
<br />()Ill' hand, and Ih,)...c (h:lr~('d L'll'dllllll'l.~ h\ Ihll]-~"r,:t"I'IL'I]l.'L' ulilill.:.. {Ill
<br />thL' 1.111lL'r. l\1o~ll)r II1L' I'L'(L'1l1 a....lilHl llll [I],: 1'1,,'11.'1,'111..',: ,_.1;IIJ;"L' kh hl.';,:ll
<br />judk'iid r:.llht:r Ihan lcl:!i~latj\t.:. .-!n::Ol/if "(llI't'l IJUII/III.!! .1\.~(l('I.fti(l!l I'.
<br />Aforton, 5'27 F,2d. 7'21 (Yth Cir. It)":'.,,). 1.\;1" 01 ....1111 \\lii..:h i1lk'~l'd;\ \IPLI
<br />lion t)f thl.' S(:('rl~lary\." dilly III ';1.'11 PO\h'l I,'] III ,:1':1 i...'lh:L. 1.:11..1'11111'["> alld
<br />sought 10 (l)Il1!1\..'1 1111: Se("cldf~' nl 111,: Illll'ljlil ill IIC~,\lI;IIL' \\illl 1111'
<br />A~slH:ial ion for the sail: of pO\h'r. The S':,:ll'l tll', hdd hCI.'I\ t)fkrtll~ '111-
<br />plus IhcrmJI pO\\'l.'r It) pri,'ali..' IJlijilje.'. ;IJld rL.rll.....ill~! hi .,L'll it III prL'J'L"
<br />c-nct' L'lIS10mL'rs. on lhl' grollnd th~11 IllL' l"'h'I'L'IL'IILl.." L'I;lll"\..: did Ih)! L'\IL'lhl
<br />In lh~rl1lal Pl}WCr. The (lHlrI held Ihalll\\: prL'krL'IlI..'I.' ~.bll~1..' did appl~ Itl
<br />lllamally gl.'n~rJted power;h \\t~lI it:'> lIydf'{)~kl..'lij...' PO\\"lT, ;1I1d lhal /th.:
<br />S('(:rclary was required (0 IlcEt1tiaIL' \\ilh Ih,' '\";"ilL.:iillillll. III City (~I
<br />Sill/Ill Clara \'. .-ll/drus, 572 f.2d hh t'illt l..ir.). ,.('(1. (/,'/1 'N S. CI. 177
<br />(1978), the COllrt again upheld tile prcl.ncll"" """.-c, qdti\lg ..Ii".. rhc
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