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<br />1319
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<br />~x{t'nM\ld}' ~(hl.(kt'rho.lrJt"J,R Inlet-
<br />ffilJU.',j wuh Hapland w ~u{h an ,",Xlene
<br />tn.1[ [he parcels woulJ nul bl: lar,ll:e
<br />enuu}o;h (or IiH~'swck r,m~t'. Fenong
<br />COHS dione, up GrJ)'-a sln,.de
<br />quaClCt+St"UlOn parcel would. for ex-
<br />ample. run mme 5 '.UOO--couIJ ffi.lle
<br />grazm,li:t'conoffilcJ.Jly Impractical fur.ln
<br />inJlvldual farmer.
<br />The farmen' dilemma set up b)' {he
<br />Conser-'allon ResC"rH' ProFf am-lhe
<br />(OS(5 (If mt"elln,lo: (nnst'f"\'J.tlon rompll'
<br />ance requirements In relurnmjo; reo
<br />served lanJ m cultivation, plus rhe:
<br />cht'ckerbouJin..,: [hat can keep lhc'
<br />land frum bem,c (.'wnomicall}' USt.J tor
<br />~r.um,r.: on an mdlvldual baSIS--ml,6.:hl.
<br />hOWl-Vet. mJkc a narlona] ,o:r;l.SsJ.mJs-
<br />lype buyout much more ieJ.Sible pollti-
<br />(a.ll~' alter the: eRP ha~ run In (oune.
<br />EXJ\rin,l: natlonal .o:rJ.SsJanJs an: rhl;m-
<br />~e1ves chcderboarded. nu[ [he bOlllc
<br />me(h.l.ni~m can nevenhcleH ((('Are
<br />Iar,l:t' are.u of leasable ran.':c rhrou.':h
<br />land {(J.Jes and linb~l:s as w1:l1 .IS pm..
<br />vide economics of scale In land resrora-
<br />rion, Indudmlo; fencln.g. Fmm ,1n eCI)-
<br />IO,l:lCaL w'ddli(e. ,md SOli and warer
<br />comervarion srJ.nJpoanr. as well as an
<br />economic one. -lhe sen~ible thint:. - ac-
<br />cordin,g to Oklahoma's Bre[ \'\:'alluh. IS
<br />to relUrn rhe plowed.our. dfJl:d'oUI
<br />land of the Hlt:h Pl.l.ms to -the open
<br />prainc Ihe senlers found. Th;H Wa\'. at
<br />leasr. we would ger SOffit'fllm,l: of value
<br />from Ihe land ,\lo'e .....ould h,H'e
<br />grazed parkland \lo'uh reneaflonal
<br />elbowroom-a prairie I:qul~'alcnl of
<br />Ihe narional fore~ts,-
<br />^ less mlrUSlve governmental Jp-
<br />proalh. one thai would leave Ihe land
<br />an prlvale h,lnds. can be found even
<br />farther back in hmory, In 1878, .lS
<br />\'('a!!J.ce Srqmer nou:s In his contribu-
<br />tion to lhis Issue of U;'zlJt.r.,m, John
<br />\'('esley Powell. founder of Ihe U.S,
<br />GeolopcaJ Sun,'ey. ColonJo Rin-r ex.
<br />plorer. and presCJenr philosopher of
<br />the Great ^mefJCJ,n Desert, made
<br />. recommendauon Ihal ml~ht now
<br />work. In hiS d.usic Rtporr M lht /-J"dJ
<br />of IN ,\rld R.tK,u)r/ 0/ Iht Umltd 51.J1lJ.
<br />Po.....l:!1 sU/o:,l.:esrt.d rhl: estJbllshmem of
<br />I,u,l:e. mulu-faJIHly.o....-ncd -.o:razln,l( dis..
<br />trlcrs.- as J. means to J.vold o~'efl.lX1n1'::
<br />thc fCJ.,I;lle t:rassl.mds. The JIS[lJ([S. set
<br />up wlrh ,i:Ovt'rnmeOl uSlstJnle. would
<br />be coopef.l.f1Ve -commons- m ""il:ll.
<br />where use ,lnd m.ana~emenl could be
<br />cOOlrolled Illr the common weal
<br />To be sure. there .lre .I ~:O()J m.lny
<br />who believe rh;ll no ~o\'ernmem-~p(ln-
<br />sored Msolutlon" should he contem-
<br />
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<br />
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<br />
<br />\I:.'ILDERSES~
<br />
<br />F.... LL 1<) II ~
<br />
<br />plaled Jt aJl. U:I pnVJte land StaV ID
<br />indlVldu.l1 pnvate ownership. even .u
<br />the O.':J.JlalJ.'s warer lable diSAppears.
<br />RUllters Umvt'rury lJ.nJ-use plAnner
<br />hank J P\)pPt:r holds the ~'Ie~' [hal .1
<br />jl:overnment pro/;:ram woulJ probably
<br />lust mJ.ke thlO~S worse, thaI J.n}'
<br />"dl:pn~.afllAtIOllw of 1.!Od J[ thiS lime
<br />woulJ bt: premature. It WIll fake .I.
<br />wholl:~ale economIC dis.l..Ster. .....hlCh IS
<br />surdy cumm.c. Poppt:r S,l\'S. for u~ to
<br />retO,ll:OIlt. Ih,lf thc Mrrue archl[t'I( ollhe
<br />PLl.lns h.u ncver bel:n ~overnml:mJ.1.
<br />pnVJu:, or cven hum.l~L1 has bel:n
<br />thl: de~err. lr~ Immcnst' expJ.n~lOns and
<br />comralflons. ItS pHIll:sS reSIHence 10
<br />culllvauon,-
<br />^II these views .lie somerhlnJo: for
<br />the pn!iqmakers ro consider. JnJ I
<br />
<br />hope Ihev Jo. For mvself. I ""ent. In
<br />11J1:l'i.lOuke ,llouk at [he plot.t, where.
<br />exactly fifq' years before. Woody
<br />Guthne w.uched [he fQwennc clouds
<br />of dusI descenJ on .. Tl:xas to...'n I hAd
<br />my brorher-m-l.aw. Hob Flll:H:n. who
<br />lives In that pur of the P,InhJndle.
<br />dnve me out 10 .ln Irn,ll:JleJ f.llm he
<br />knew,
<br />The (enter plvor was qUlel un IhlS
<br />hot ..fremoon. rhe ,cr.I\' sll(; ~t)lI Jry
<br />J.nJ ctackeJ; .lnd rhe corn 'cl;Jlmcs
<br />pushlnl{ up throuch It looKeJ ....,clred
<br />..Jre..J}', 1 Pltkcd up J handful of rhe
<br />wII. anJ 11;1 il slir sio.....I~, Ihrou~h my
<br />fin.l!:ers. .\ bcht ",~.t'nlO~ breelC cau.cl1r
<br />rhe linc pJrllc!t-s ..nd blew' [ho.:OI 1:J.51..
<br />warJ-a IIny dJ.Ck Jusr c10uJ on 115 WOlf
<br />,lcross ^mcnc.l,
<br />
<br />Slo\\'h- Sin kino
<br />; 0
<br />BY FREDERICK TURNER
<br />
<br />111
<br />
<br />the \Vest
<br />
<br />5fJulhutJl fJj tht Ttx..J P.mh<l"Jlt, 1Ior f.." from IIhtrt Ch.Jrln E. Larlt Jl('J(,J /.( ah hlJ
<br />br/Jthtr..U/.I.JU' .J'I.I or/JU.J'.J rl") dUH U"""". .Julhflr Frr.ltrld Tur"rr r"'t.,lI.. JlooJ /J1I
<br /><l1Iorhtr plol of ~roUllJ <1.,d toot J !()fJf <II <I"Olh..r }l,rau1Jd /f.Jlr" pr"hl",1--fJ1II 111 U huh
<br />Iht "t'(IO" II..J 1Ior ".,t" I&Jt,,~ lI.Jtr... hUl Iht Il.rou".1 II,"! Th" lomr" 111'1, JIII<JI10"
<br />pr&IIJtJ.JJ jtood.J U.J).JJ .JlI) 10 f1l1 our ff"tlirt 1'110 Iht lrf)ubll'1K, m.J;:tlh.Jt ,r,1II1I'1UtJ
<br />to Ih.Jruilrn::.t Iht probltmJ 011'11 proJpnt/ 0/ lI.Jlrr", .'\mrrl(.J.
<br />
<br />I U.1J Ih",kJ1lJ:JUJl rhttithtr.u... - rht many deep and Ihat Jisappe:arc:d (V..en..
<br />j.J"'Ifr l.Jld, ~.Jboul.J SI&r) m) ,iJd.J) ry feer easr 10 a ran,Rle uf mesquHe.
<br />tumble......eed. AnJ ~'U((J.. HI~ (ue dlS.
<br />rr.rJ 10 UJ )f,UJ .II1J .It<l"rI .JJ{O, uht"
<br />U't Ufrt kId,. Iii .JblJur Ihu tJl.J"d k",lt- - - loJ,Iled a tiny sliJe of thl: li,lthl. In' WI]
<br />IhOlI dnfted do.....n InIO th... fissure
<br />.10m Ih<lll.l.'af hil1l1t htld liP OIlht h.JlIJ 0/
<br />where II sertleJ on bJ.kln,RftJ(wt ures.
<br />01 ~I.JI'II that IlItd U1Idtrlt. OII}.t lIoJltr
<br />ruSting InsecticiJI: drums. thl:lr sten-
<br />u'1I~ .Jl\O IN jtl411t h.Jd loI.i lht k11l!. ht'd
<br />cileJ .....arnlngs fdding OUt bl'nearh a
<br />hold up IN 1f/..,,1 JIIJI JO "'0111) ,Harl, .J.,d
<br />hl:edless sk~'. 011 filters, J.Jumlnum cans.
<br />Iht" ht U'.JJ 1:011l}l, 10 tolkt It ~tJou 11 <1l'1d
<br />and plastic conralOers. rhe unJ.ssorred
<br />glf'l il 10 hu kldJ .IJ J pl..Hh",,'(, Tbt
<br />oddments of our dlsposabll: mJ.terial
<br />kl1l~, ht Imru' rht fO"UolU. hul .Jjitr .J
<br />culture,
<br />uhtlt ht prtlm.ltd ht Jl1l1'l.
<br />'" ,l;Uess Ihis is rheir solution ro rhe
<br />"\lYffbtr"ltn"J:.JII,mu 'it.Jf101l lOp
<br />1/ rhl, U .JUr. .Ind ili bnll I,;", 11,111'1, ti1l prob]em.~ the ~eoloJo:ISf S.llJ, M~take a
<br />borrrJlUJ ltmt, 0111.. lolt Jldll'l k1lou lh.J1 Ir.uh Jump out of il. But 1'1I1dl you.
<br />thm, ....~IJU, tit l:lIqu' It, bitt I.t'rt Hili Jorl Ihese people are pOIsoning riwlr o.....n
<br />of I,I-t Ih..1 k'll!., " ...'ells and Jon't e~'en know It.~ He ges-
<br />tured to the norrhe.ur, ~Cumt' on .and
<br />I'll show you whJI rh",y're M.t', You
<br />won't believe how many ofthcm .Ire In
<br />IUS! rhls one .area. - He led hIS ~'Isiror
<br />J.HOU lhe flJr. itS hArJ.ba~cd cI.ay
<br />plxke'd ""th lhe scralches of sl1l..u1 ,lnl"
<br />maJs.
<br />MHere.- the ,l:eolo,l(lst Solid. -IS.ln ex..
<br />.unp]e of ",holt's calleJ 'plpln~.' Atler
<br />lhe crack IOmally forms.rhls I~ rhe sec..
<br />and s[age, - He polOteJ 10 a hole the
<br />(Ircumterente of a thlld's SJ.nJ bucket,
<br />Iht, bottum of whICh could nor ht'seen.
<br />-rhlS: he S.lJJ. "IS acrual]~' a continua..
<br />
<br />Two men stood 10 .I ....IJe. emp'" flu,
<br />South of them rhe thn'l: sharp shapes
<br />of Tres Herman.u pt:.lks sruod up our
<br />of [he Jesert hue, a Jeep JnJ mISty
<br />blue:. To rhe .....est was Rtd .\tounlJJO
<br />and to rhe ea,Sf the FlorIda ~lounrJJns.
<br />These .:arc [he OllenrarlllO pOints lor
<br />Demln,t.:. Ne...... .\lexl(o. J larmln,t.: Jnd
<br />ranChlO,lI: communHV tort)' miles from
<br />Ihl: .\kXlCan border, One of !ht, men. J.
<br />,t.:eulo/o.'lst. pokeJ with hiS loe J.r thl:
<br />eJ,Ilt' 01 .. fissure In rhe: t'Mrh Ihal ......u
<br />h!:re .lb.)Ut el)o!ht it'l:[ J.cross J.nJ J.S
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<br />,17
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