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<br />CONSERVATION STORAGE
<br />Tt'lease for tunsumptive uses, such
<br />Irrigation.
<br />
<br />Water impounded for later
<br />as municipal, industrial, and
<br />
<br />CONSUMPTIVE LISE (WATER) - The me of water by
<br />dischar.'::e into the atmosphere or incorporation into the product
<br />of the process in connection with \'egetative growth, food proc-
<br />essing, or an industrial process.
<br />
<br />DEAD STORAGE CAPACITY - Resen'oir capacity below the
<br />lowest outlet le\.el of a reservoir and not susceptible to gravity
<br />release.
<br />
<br />ECOLOG Y - A branch of science concerned with the interre-
<br />lationship of organisms and their environments especially as
<br />manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community develop-
<br />ment and structure, interaction bet.....een different kinds of organ-
<br />isms, geographic distributions and population aheratiollS.
<br />GROllND-WATER BASIN - A ground water reservoir together
<br />with all the land surface and the underlying aquifers that con-
<br />tribute water to the reservoir. In some cases the boundaries of
<br />successively deeper aquifers may differ in a way that creates
<br />difficulty in defining the limits of the basin.
<br />'GROUND-WATER MINING - The removal of water from a
<br />ground-water reservoir that has relatively little recharge in pm-
<br />ponion to the amount of water in storage. It is usually applied to
<br />the pumping of large reservoirs.
<br />INTER FLOW - Runoff that moves through upper soil layers
<br />and returns to the surface or appears in streams withom entering
<br />a sizeable ground water body.
<br />
<br />IRRIGATION RETURN FLOW - Water which is not con-
<br />sumpti\.ely used and returns to a surface supply. Under condi-
<br />tions of water-right litigation, the definition may be restricted to
<br />measurable water returning to the stream horn which it was
<br />diverted.
<br />
<br />LAND CAP ABILITY GLASSIFICA TION - Interpretive group-
<br />ing of land made primarily for agricultural purposes. In this
<br />classification, arable and non-arable soils are grouped according
<br />to their potentialities and limitation for sustained production of
<br />the commonly cultivated crops or permanent vegetation, and
<br />risk to soil damage.
<br />
<br />M&I (MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL) WATER - Water
<br />supplied to a central municipal distribution system and water
<br />useJ in industry and commerce.
<br />
<br />NATURAL FLOW - The rate of water movement, with its
<br />contained sediments, which actually flows past a specified point
<br />on a natura] stream hom a drainage area for which there have
<br />been no effects caused by stream diversion, storage, import, ex-
<br />port, retum flow, for change in consumptive use caused by man-
<br />controlled modifications to land use. Natural flow (arely occurs
<br />in a developed counny.
<br />OVERDRAFT - The amount of water by which the net pump-
<br />ing draft exceeds the perennial yield for a ground-water basin.
<br />
<br />pH (HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION) - Measure of
<br />acidity or alkalinity of w::Her. Distilled water, which is neutral.
<br />has a pH value of 7; values above 7 indicate the presence of
<br />alkalies, while those below 7 indicate acids.
<br />PO\VER, FIRM - Power intended to have assured availability to
<br />the customer tu mct:t all or any :Igrccd upon portion of his IO~Hl
<br />requirements.
<br />
<br />PO\VEI1. PEAKING - Electrical energy pwduced only during
<br />the hams of greatest demand. Hydwelectric generation lends it-
<br />self best to this, :3S water is stored until the evening homs, and
<br />is then used to manufacrure the amount required o\'er and above
<br />the capabilities of firm power units. (see pumped storage)
<br />PUMPED STORAGE - Storage of \....ater used for development
<br />of hydwelectric power in a resen'oir by pumping it into the
<br />reservoir during rhe off.peak period of operation of the plant,
<br />utilizing for such pumping, surplus power generated in excess
<br />of load requirements. Such water is later used to develop [Xlwer
<br />during the period of peak demand. The reservoir is usually at a
<br />considerable elevation above the power plant, fwviding, thereby,
<br />a large head, which requires a relatively sma I amount of water
<br />and storage space. This method of supplying peak power often re-
<br />sults in a considerable improvement in the load factor of the
<br />main plant and a consequent saving in equipment. Cyclic filing
<br />uf a reservoir by pumping off-peak periods and subsequent re-
<br />lease of stored water to generate hydropower during periods of
<br />peak power demand.
<br />REACH - A specified length of sneam, channel, or canal.
<br />RECHARGE BASIN - A basin intended to increase infiltration
<br />for the purpose of replenishing ground water supply.
<br />RETURN FLOW - That part of a diverted flow that is not con-
<br />sumptively used and that returns (0 a surface supply.
<br />RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT - A program to develop the
<br />use of water and land resources of a river basin, so coordinated
<br />as to obtain a greater efficiency of use than would be possible
<br />if the resources were developed by uncoordinated multiple-
<br />purpose projects or a series of uncoordinated single-purpose
<br />projects.
<br />\tV ATER QUALITY - A term used to describe the chemical,
<br />physical, and biological characteristics of water in respect to its
<br />suitability for a particular purpose. The same water may be of
<br />good quality for one purpose or use, while bad for another.
<br />
<br />WATER FACTS
<br />
<br />In 1900 Americans consumed less than 5 gallons per person per
<br />day, while in 1967 Americans consumed an avetage of 50 gallons
<br />per person per day. In 1967 Americans used 370 trillion gallons
<br />per day, and it is estimated thaI in the year 2000 Americans are
<br />expected to use 1,000,000,000,000 gallons per day.
<br />There are 326,074,400 cubic miles of water in the world found
<br />in oceans, ice fields, lakes, rivers, underground, and humidity.
<br />
<br />A cubic mile contains 1.1 trillion gallons which is more water
<br />than the U. S. will need every day by the year 2000, and is
<br />three times as much as we use todav. A cubic mile would drench
<br />all of New England by an inch of' water and would nood Con-
<br />necticut to a depth of one foot.
<br />317 million cubic miles are in the seas, 7 million cubic miles are
<br />in polar icecaps and glaciers. 1 million in ground water more than
<br />a half mile deep, 1 million in ground water less than a half mile
<br />deep, 30,000 in lakes, 16,000 in surface soil, and 300 cubic
<br />miles in rivers and streams.
<br />
<br />A city dweller uses an average of 150 gallons a day, but can
<br />survive on 5 to 6 pints.
<br />
<br />It takes 188.500 gallons to m~ke :3 ton of paper; i70 gallons to
<br />refine one barrel of petroleum; 600,000 gallons to make a tOll;
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