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<br />Fourth, Drip and Sprinkler 'methods of irrigation, where adaptable, have <br />proven to be more efficient than furrow and border irrigation. However, <br />these methods have not yet enjoyed wide acceptance nor are they suitable <br />on all soils in the valley. Demonstration type projects will be needed <br />to enhance their use. Once in use they can increase irrigation effi- <br />ciency by 15 to 35 percent in those fields where they are installed, <br />with a similar magnitude of reduction on the salt load pickup attributed <br />to those fields. <br /> <br />NON-IRRIGATED lAND <br /> <br />Management Practices - Three management practices share equal importance <br />in reducing runoff, erosion and sedimentation from the grazed non- <br />irrigated uplands. These are the number of grazing animals, the season <br />of grazing, and the duration of grazing. Seasonal precipitation supports <br />limited vegetative growth that in turn can support only a limited number <br />of livestock. To protect the vegetation as well as the soil that <br />supports vegetative growth it is recommended that grazing be limited to <br />the dormant season. The duration of grazing and the number of livestock <br />should be controlled so that half of the growth of the grazed vegetation <br />remains. Also, all grazed areas should be deferred from grazing one <br />year in four and critically eroding areas should be totally withdrawn <br />from grazing USe. <br /> <br />Implementation of these recommendations on privately owned land will be <br />voluntary, contingent on cost share assistance for applying needed <br />measures. <br /> <br />Specific details for adherence to the above recommendations will be <br />included in the conservation plan to be developed for each ranching <br />unit. <br /> <br />Physical Measures - Three types of physical improvements have been <br />identified as needed in the non-irrigated areas. These are improved <br />vegetative cover, stockwater development, and measures for reducing <br />runoff and sedimentation. The specific measures, quantities and costs <br />for implementation are given in Table 24. <br /> <br />Improved vegetation will be real ized through range seeding, pasture <br />planting, and brush management. Fencing is needed to control grazing <br />and to exclude livestock from critically eroding areas that will be <br />seeded. Stockwater development and distribution systems are needed to <br />obtain grazing distribution. <br /> <br />Although vegetative cover will be effective in reducing runoff and <br />erosion, other physical measures such as erosion control dams, gully <br />plugs, and grazingland mechanical treatment are positive means of <br />holding storm water on the ground. <br /> <br />1651 <br /> <br />59 <br />