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<br />A monolayer of hexadecanol on water is only six 10-millionths <br />of an inch thick and exhibits none of the interference patterns of color <br />associated with very much thicker multilayered oil films. Monolayers of <br />hexadecanol and other evaporation reducing substances are invisible. The <br />problem of recognizing the presence and degree of compression of the film <br />was a major one facing all investigators. <br /> <br />The U. S. Public Health Service has certified that hexadecanol <br />would be nontoxic to humans in the amounts used for reservoir evaporation <br />reduction. <br /> <br /> <br />We are now making detailed plans for further investigations in <br />this potentially very important development which can have a far reaching <br />effect upon the water resources of our nation. <br /> <br />"****** <br /> <br />STATE VERSUS FEDERAL WATER RIGHTS <br />Burnham Enersen, Attorney-at-Law <br />San Francisco, California <br /> <br />During the past several years there has been, as all of you well <br />know, an accelerated trend toward more and more control by the Federal <br />Government, and less and less control by the several States, in a great <br />many areas of governmental activity. This trend toward "federalism", <br />if I may use that term, takes many forms and manifests itself in many <br />different ways; and I am sure you all realize that it is a very significant <br />development of our times. <br /> <br />Much of this trend stems from the concept that practically all <br />commerce is interstate commerce and thus falls within the orbit of the <br />Federal Government. Some of the trend is based on the theory that prac- <br />tically every body of water on the surface of the earth is navigable and so <br />falls within the Federal Government's jurisdiction over navigable waters. <br />When these foundations for Federal jurisdiction fail, the federalists <br />usually fall back on the broad, vague and comfortable cushion of the "general <br />welfare" clause in the Constitution. <br /> <br /> <br />I am not here, however, to analyze the basis or cause of this trend <br />toward federalism not to discuss its history. Rather, I want to talk about <br />its manifestation in the field of water resource development. <br /> <br />As persons interested in the conservation and use of our water <br />resources, you are well aware of the trend in this field. You have seen <br />the Federal Government repeatedly in recent years assert the authority to <br />control, and even to own, waters which for a century or more had been <br /> <br />- 21 - <br />