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<br />t, <br /> <br />-~ <br /> <br />l <br /> <br />- <br /> <br />E 88lH <br /> <br />CONGRESSIONAl. nnr:c-mD-,-,'Pxkm.fo'>s of <br /> <br />N <br />W <br />1-'" <br />W <br /> <br />t\v('ly ~U]ll)od.{.a rat\fk:l.t1on of tho Mexican <br />,~ril,!el' 'j'I',-'L\.t.~'" <br />'l'h.~ 'J'l'<~a.t;. \'i"hlch b:::C-:LnlO 0[(('('.01\'\) on No- <br />Y.'1ll1)3r S, HH5 r"fLet r~..tHl("l,tio:n by the t.wo <br />G~l\ ('fUmr,';lt.", de.;:>,; }wt spcC'lfkally refer to <br />wa,(>)"' ql1a!\t:'. Jl~\\'(\-ver, Stub, IX-p:<.t'tlncnt <br />n'f)l"~.s(,tlt';.th't's ann ti',ell' c.')mr..lltants test.i- <br />1'yll1:::; bdNC tho United St.atc~ SCli:',te In Stlp,. <br />pori; of Lhc TrC\lty st,tt<;{l ih,J,.t \-,'n:(.cr quo.lity <br />\Va" e~,r.-B,l:.,jw'ly (tif".~u":;e~l, and that i\fexJco <br />fnliy UlHk'l'stTh)d that t.be 'l'l'f;li.y ~'cqIlJred <br />t.hem 10 1"t!;'e roturn liO\\S, The Spt"c!ltC pro- <br />vlstons tlw,t v;n:e, included in th8 'J):eaty to <br />insure UH~t, 1\Ic}:ico rnU>;it; ll.ccr.pt ret-urll ,fl.oW <br />l\l\d dmln:t[;e W(l.wr a,ro In Artj('}{' 10 tmd 11. <br />ArUelo 10 "'l.::ttCj. thnt lII~xict)'s r.Jlot-mont 1u- <br />dude,> ';'-',l<,,('~' fl'()n~ "n,ny and ~~1l s.oUr(0:1," ('.nd <br />ArLlek 11 f;U;tcs' that "wat'.en; shl',ll be m.adQ <br />up ("If tlH: wcc('rs- of the sal(! riYl"r whfl-tcvcl' <br />t',IC'i1' 01'1:;\1)," <br />\\'r;j,!"'D)""".:,,,.()!;A.Wl.( DRAIN,u;;:; P.lO.JLEM <br />lkh,'Ctm HHG v.p.d' 190\, tJtC)'O v;crc no <br />p~,,!"t.!euln.\' pr0l)lOltm wlLh n"slH'{:t to q'lv.Ilt.y, <br />:1.3 U'\d Sftllnity of the w[.t,er d('J)',c1"{,ci to <br />1>.\e::ll'O :It the Hot'n't'I'ly InLernnti;)1\~\l bOU!ld- <br />lil'Y ,'.'as f'<:B0n\Jly within ]00 plItt..,;; per <br />miillon of tho Wo.t('r l':t Jmpcrin,l :U~"m, the <br />Jr>,st; cHveni10n point foJ' U8C;'.<; 1n t.ho United <br />Staks, IIo'.'.'o\"(n~. in 1001, the \Ydl(;on,,!v!o- <br />h,'.v-'k ProJ[~(',t In 'Arh:o;m cOmln,~!lC(>(1 operfl,- <br />t;joll o[ ils (lrc\il1ago SysL/?-ffi and dl:.>cll<l!'(<.od <br />H'l cll'l\in:1[':o w:~{;tt' into th3 CobradCl, Initi- <br />nlly, t.ho (\rniil,*o W;':'l,cr Incl1.1(lt'd a suh- <br />r,U;ll[,ir'.1 proportion uf highly s~linc ~~'rol111d- <br />wnler ihr.t. 11:--,(.{ been ('OI~C(,l1t.l.tl..te<; through <br />l',"u':<t:: dllrin<Y tll,) '!)!'E,vl')us Jh~.]f~ceetllry, This <br />Vl'o;!li(lwatC'~ ;~w'ragert around 6,000 l-'flrts pCl' <br />j"l\1JJi(;z1. TlwtT: v.'i\$ t\ f.ha1.1) lllCl'C:\l:Q iu t.ho <br />R:\lillily of tho \':[1,(,er tloUY':l"ed t-') J\lexleo <br />\~l1ieh n-".uHrd ;n sttcnuous objedionS hring <br />l'a!.~,1d hy t-.Ir'XiCo. <br />Althour,h tho \Vcllk'lI.-1'-'IohHwk dl"rtin;:\go <br />\\'~'; the prinl<u'~' C;;,UU! 01' tho ini'l'caS0 in <br />:-;,~llnH.V", aU()!lH'~k' factor ah:o had a t;i~:llHieant <br />Imr)HC(:. IJOl,;iHnlng ia Hli.:it, n.'~('n~f'S illi:o 1fcx,' <br />I{',[; \\"ere sll,n'ply !"Nl.1!('cd In a,ntici,mtion or <br />sttll'<'l:\(l 1\1 L"kl?> , pow~n ~hind tho nuwly <br />c,mstl'uctCC\ U;ell G~-\Ils()n 0,1111. 'J'hi[~ loss of <br />dilu(.IOH w.1,h';' can be emphl~"h'/}d by 'l,,;o <br />flgHt.c.,'; for tl~~ 10-Y8Hl' p~rlca LOll'. )051 to <br />Hl(iO, (,;10 r~i"('l'n~',(" ci('liv~rr to 1\!exlco ",t the <br />~w,'ll1C'rlr jl,tei'\lf\tiona). bouErtary was 1.2.1 <br />mi1!tc)H [tcr('~f('ct per yetlr, wh!l~ 1'01' the suc- <br />CCCajll~~ 10-p'ar p'i'rlod from l!)fil to 1!J70 the <br />Dow D ....;)I';~:!ed mtl~" 1,5 ln~lll(-",l. an-e~fcct pet' <br />ye::!l', Tho 'VdH[)l1-~\roh'.l.wk dr<t,;n'l:-re wat.{'r <br />fl,lld Uw (k'~l'{';i,;"d fluw,,; ('8,\1:;(':1 {.l~c fl,vC'-l'ap;e <br />~~ti1nit.\' of tht, ,,-"fl.J.\~l'D [ldiYf'ri:d to i\f.e:dco to <br />11)('.N;H:O:C from BvO pf1.l't.$ pl'r million in 1960 to <br />1[100 I!:<.rt:-; 118'.1.' mHlion in lH32, <br />AltilOUg-ll, es prevlow;]y ir:dicaied, th" <br />United St.ai;",,'1 int,~nded that Mexioo mus!. <br />r'?-cch'e n,t\11'11 116w~ belO\\" Imp"i"il'.J Dllr.1 <br />tl:utN' the, 'l'l"f'-:~ty', 110 one h'J.d an~ic!pat~d <br />-re\'llrll flows tiS high In ~j.;\-1111\ty It^'; \,!W Wf'll.. <br />to:t-!',f-:'lll:..\\'k (tmina;~c or tha'~ t!H'n~ would <br />ho ~;\l(;ll 0. I-'l'E'{'lplk.us risa in the w~1Jnity of <br />iha waters tlc~Jlv(>r(1<l to :Mex!co. COHSt'CJl.11;Dt1.y, <br />f'.fter t,he ,vIntor ,,( Hl61-G2, the "I.!nlk<l. St:J.tes <br />\Hlc1.cl'took <:"ertr\ill. proYision:>l ~nQf'."lIr",.';J to <br />millimi/.c the in)pact of the hjg-h f.[l.lin1ty <br />dr:tin:'l.~:;c Td.urn.'i from \Vcllton":M:"l'"',,.-}~. 'rho <br />Ullih'rt ~:;t;tt'-:G ld;;o, enter<;d Into nc;;;otltttions <br />with IVJe;.;ko t.o f',rl'-1ve Ht!~ pruCtlCi~J' ::;olutJon, <br />rI'iw I:>t:>,1 0 DC'jnrl.ll'\<'llt $"o;k,,'d. the gO\',,;!'nors ot <br />tho 8')"e:"1 C~)lomo-o River Ikr,Jn 1;[stp3 to <br />(lJ)point \'\':0 llV2mbCn; to o.l'ccon:,tit,u~cd Go;Y)~ <br />mittee cf l"0lll"~C'0n In order to aci'i'l~n the <br />Atr\!.-e }),_'p,wtment: 1n ('omll~et10n \';'11'h the <br />Vicl'l'()'.l-il-Iol'z>-",'O( prob18ln, (Tl)'~ current <br />l'nNnh~r5 frc!il\ C,llifo!'llla- a:)\J('IE!:f-'d b~ GoV'~ <br />(H"nor fk"z!\.n nr.' \VHilm).l 'Gt:melH, n"Jrect-or <br />of \Vl"ter f{rsouri'cs, and mY~lf.) <br />ExtCH.'!h'C'. nt:,-:othitI'.:1l1ll were c()~ldllCtl'd be~ <br />tV;('C:ll 1002 and 1~165 nnd iI), NOYeJnl>~:r IHG!5, <br />with till? c-onctll'rpnco o! the Conll,,!.ttco of <br />y.'ou,'~(':'n, 0. n\'c~yc::n' q~n?('lr'.t)ut, wu; hl<;,-Ol'. <br />rv)r;}.tcd 1', ~.n!:,1.,'O ~18 ot HF) lr:t.t'!""u('lonal <br />.n,mad:,rv l~.'id \'irate!' C0l111r1\.:;"tOl:, "G,f~clCl: <br />?',~ln\ltc ~~.18. the> Unlt-c.c1 St.::,.w,s f\[;rcB..l {.o takQ <br /> <br />S~\'er,~l fictlon.."l to nlleyht"" th'$ problem.. <br />,Pits!;, the tJD!i<,)d States coastl"uck"d. au ez:- <br />tetnioll 0-: 1.:110 Wellton-Moho.v'ik Drain EO <br />iilnt wr:ter caE eIl~{;1' 1.;~ b:s'pasf!cd t',rounl1 <br />]\brel(.s Dam or mIxed wIth otlle,:, Cc.lonuio <br />River wden; above Mareloa Da.m, at the op-- <br />l:on of :t,fcxlco. Second, the Untt-i'd }.itB.loo <br />con.s:j:l1cted uddl!.ionu1. drainage ft'.c-111Uen in <br />t:;.e 'Nellton-Mohnwh:: project which ello'.'i <br />s<,lec~jve pumping of thE' Inost s-aline wat-crs <br />n~ t'1;,ws when 1.fexict) is b:nXtssing Weilton- <br />:;\!()~u'.\'..1~ drainage water, and cHow tho <br />pumr~lng of hli,;her qualit.y grO\Jndwakr at <br />times Wh0H lII,)xico Js 1.l8lng Wcllton~Moh[\wk <br />"O'mter, Third. the Un1t-:-d St-:1t8S agreed t,D ro. <br />pL1.ce P. portion of the h:ipa,;~;~d \VeUtcl1J~I\Io~ <br />:bfl.wk watf'r ,vhich re2ultcu 111 the 181CllS0 of <br />f"'D;J):0:-:imt',tc1y '),0,000 aCl'e-feet of l\llltnstreRm <br />water Del' year :(ron1 JmpC'rhd D:un )n exce3S <br />of 1.11e '1.5 miUion u['re~.feE:t per YE'ar required <br />by \'he Trel'cy, <br />Minute 2113 was extended fm' one ye:'.r 11) <br />No\'e:Cl!bcr 18'70, D.nd ngain extemled In No- <br />vcrnl}01' 1971. Ullcler 010 mCf\-sures taken by <br />th(' United Statt's. nt a, cost of about e'.l?' <br />minloH, the quality 01 the w:<.ter de\l\'cl'0{t <br />t.o !lt8xico was imp:'on:d from fl.DG',lt. 1500 <br />ppm. in 1902 to 124,{) ppm In 1971. Between <br />No\.eml)er !:-165 8.nd Nov(';mber 19'71, op()ra~ <br />tion of the mtnut-e- has rnsuJ.t,e.::!. in deHvc,y <br />to M:cxico (If 232,000 ncre-feet in addition to <br />D,e amount gLmranth:d hy nre Treaty, <br />:r.,-r:GOT)ATIQXS IN 19.0 ---72 <br />Frl,.,r (.O the first e,,=piration date of Minut<J <br />218, N0veml.wr 1970, 'the Ualtecl State,; and <br />Mc;--;ic'o cor1unenced i;egotiati01)S wit,h the <br />p1.JrpOSB of p,nivlng<lu,t anothcr nve~y('a1" <br />Hgrcement, J\'lcxico had objceUons. -:-,0 opcra- <br />UCHS undet' M'inute 218, fl,nd they want.clJ. <br />clmn~;-ef; In ~l,Ily Dew long teJ'nl H]TCCrncnt, <br />'i'he Fnited S~ale3 l{HHlo a propos~tl in ordcr <br />t.o l":r,;ct I\Icxi(\o's object.ions, 'l'lw DJaz Ord::\.? <br />Administratiall con:,;ide,'u.l. the proposal to be <br />C01'Btl ucti\"c, however', they did jlot ,,-'nnt to <br />C:ltr,'l' :ll1.O ll. nc,v long-t0Cll 8.[;re{,inont, sin('c <br />.r. nE;W T-'l'e"id~nt would k\kc omce on D('Cein,. <br />l)C!" J. 10'70, Tbis led tt) Uk 111'Clt one<yuu. ex~ <br />,~. " (;;~. _:,f .~,r~:'".1t.:: 7:0, <br />Ke<"<0i.l8tio!l cOlnmt-nc,~d 1.11. 19'{1 wIth ti1c <br />1:clw.~:0;l'in. Adminlstratlon. '1'111;\' United <br />S",,,t,(',:-;, sUFPP',te<l by the Gorrnnitl.ee oJ: <br />r"otlri.(',m, }Jl'opo:~.;d :), new minute in "il1ich <br />8-'.:.(litio'l:'::l. nUllntit:te8 or wate.. \'10U;:;1 be Eub~ <br />5L:tu~:,:(! for \Vf;JltOl.l..MohfW.c;~ cl!'[\inng~ water. <br />')'11<1 qu<mtltics propo.::sd to he sub.st1tuted <br />oneh \",~lil' wel'e csthnat.ed on the b,\Hls of. <br />wh8.t 1'-;~3 })een tenm,d Ule "equivalent; salt; <br />b:::,l',\lll:t;' '8~'Pl.)r<<"('h., <br />In arriving' p,t thf' N:uiv,,1ent s[!.H babl1Ge <br />C01W(.1<)!;, Uni(;('d State., l'C'a,"'oned that (1) <br />v..p,~f)r'l18crs in the Un1tcd StD.tcs have l), rlg'ht <br />to iu!r:;:o1te laud;3 helo\y I:npe:dul Da.m, (2) <br />J\-!exico h:\-.<;: to recci'.'o dri.'.lnng~ viater uncler <br />the 'J'rc8.ty, (~l) Crtfl.-ting 0. f,ittn1.tion of idea.l <br />reiHrn flow conditions below Im,H'flul De.::11 <br />wlt-h respect t.o s:::JlbIty would bn the best. <br />:rSexlco could expec~, (.1) the total {lclll'eriGs <br />show.1. be w?ter of 8. quality tllf\.t "vouid no <br />usable fe'!" irris-<,tion of the tJ)Jo of crops <br />gtD'.'ln by :VI€-xico, conSIdering its wJJl <br />cOiHlit-!ons. <br />S:J.1L lnJ.<"nce III fl.D IrrigD,tion Sj'stClll s!nl~lly <br />mean,,> thal tho amount ot fi;:l-n 12turn,xl In <br />({",J;;,;l.:'\: w9,tcn; is eG;,w.) to the :,mount cf ..,.'-!.It <br />in thD'~V<ttp:r applied to the llJ,1".d. An i.r-rl(n~ <br />t!0J-1 8V:otCID that if' in ",,~lt balD.!lCC nei!.::"'.ot" <br />~,C[;Ul';UJ.",tcs f:oHlt in t.be :;oil nor- kHches ,,~~t <br />t.fe-Arc- the soil, Ls p;.'O~1CS0rJ. j~1 tili:, ,situ"d',hH1. <br />tlJ2 (:'1ulv2,jent .';~11t bp.lanc:e p,'ogram v..ou)(\ <br />itt:.>u.1'(; tl;Ij\t 1\',1.ter cl-elin:l'(d to :<'Icxlco \vN~ld <br />h.'1\'c the s;;une BCtlt eoncentnltion MJ wov\d <br />()~L,;t it the projects 11\ the Unit.(~d Stat'"s <br />wlltch dl'..ctt frOT.ct IUlr.:el'ial Dam and htJ,Ye <br />drainf'6"G returns to the river ,",-ere In ;<:;,~lt <br />b"lancB, <br />EqlJ.I\'f\!<:;nt sult ba]hl.,:C-3 WOi.lld be obtaln'0. <br />by tJ)-,m:';';:h:.g 20rne of ~.h,~ inigatiOl, re'Lllrn <br />flor'.'f; 1"l'orr;. t.;l(1 '\VO:-ltoll-l',:OJ,."-.vk Project ~,,'vJ. <br />~~;3~'~i~;ii,~i' ~;~~~"(~~~,;,.~,,,~:;,!:^}~;~:". ~~~(l o~_~.~~.~ <br />1Ics3, end. add'iUonal rClf'US8S 1ro;)1 rn-,p~.d.':$r <br /> <br />Remar.ks October 3, 1~1t?~. <br />De.m, EV(m 'wIth equ1yale:lt salt b<:llJl~~;: <br />theN would be fl.ll I~cre-a-se in 5:?1linHy :~?,n~:: <br />c{'.ntraUo,J. between Imperlai :J,nd M':Iil:;.lo$';' <br />Dams caused by oVll,PQtat1Du9f a P~l;'t!~~it~.oci <br />the f!,ppHed inigation water on ll!n(l~:,~n:~ <br />A.rlzon~\ and C~1ifDnJ!tJ". i.e., the tOllS of,et\lt-.,: <br />flpplkd to, and returned from, the hUld.~;a-l,,~\ <br />equaI, bu-l; the amount of l;ett:rn fI0wSi:ar-e <br />only f\ pDrtion of the l.1pplled \;.-,-?t~r, ; <br />The deliveries under the equJvalent i$-al-t. <br />balf!.llCe pl'opos,..l for the 1l1'3t Y('d,r ":Q\.I1d" <br />ho,i'e been 180,000 acre-feet per ye:tr'beYP1~~: <br />the 'l're"t,,' requh'cm:mts. '1"11-8' source of :Ut';(,' <br />additionai v;~\;:;er would. be reli!ases of Oblo- <br />rado Riv~r water from st\)rage above Imp$'i~F <br />D~,m ana fro:m wells o,u Yuma Mess ten,..- <br />Yuma, Ariz.olla, In 1971 saIlnity ot the v.~!l~ <br />tDn-:L\.Iohnwk <h'a.inage "",'::..ter was U.PP1'6Xi~_' <br />mat<:ly 3700 ppm and it is al1t!c.jpated ~:1.t,~ <br />the BrD.Ollr,.t..<; of ~ubstituw wa!;.er v:oulcl dlnr:..'- <br />inlsh In f~lture Y0->t.rs as 'Bal!nity ot the' v~~n- <br />ton-?,Ioluw;l< drainage water c(!ll.tinues; to <br />deiiliXle. ;, <br />The United [jtntcs $.1$0. informed 11:;d:ico::: <br />tlw.t, for tho long term f~ture, a- n-l.Ol'e siiri;.-' <br />ons prob10nl fO): !-'lE':d,co rmd for UrJJ~,ed' <br />ststes US0rs ill the [,OiI.'or Colo-rado R~jter' <br />Basin is the pl'oJected increase In the sa~lll;' <br />ity or the river- at Imperial DAm. ).re;{~co- <br />\vas informed of the United States', Phu~;.t;o,<' <br />undertake ::l, major basinwide salinity con.. <br />troJ IJrogl'am, and of fe<:..)~ibiUty, studies lJolng <br />under \','/"\,y by the U.s, ~ure~u of I/echqt1i~ <br />tion. The object.ive of tbIs program js to k~'e'p <br />the ?D.-ltn, ~~:<7 fl~t~,~r h,e1.o:" P, reB'-"ll,t leV,e,~I,$, q~,~)h <br />forl11,t L,t.'> b"c;," V,OlkJ.llg very clO.~..IY v,1t;,h <br />t1le federal government Rnd the o'lh~:r: btWin <br />stntes in. developing. the salinIty control pl;o... <br />gram,. :::: <br />AIt-hough the Untt.ed" St.ates negoiiat9ts:: <br />thongl,t tlley were near agn"C't1v.mt W~t-l1.' <br />1\Iexico in NOVl~mlJ{'r 197t, Mexico fi'lally *,,8-' <br />Jected the American proposals and negotj.'ll:- <br />l;ions were djscontlnued~"rn the early ptl<rt- " <br />of 19n, tht're W8S a restLlllptitm of talks,fnt'," <br />diITD,:e-nt. l,J'lcls 'within. the t.wo gonrml11crlts:, <br />hown,'er no, agreement .was reached, 'I,' , ,~_ <br />"Ul.~l' (.Oili..\["()NIQUF. B1:.T\\-'EEN Pl!.K'l-IQl;N.t' NI,xON' <br />A:i';J) I'JUcSlDE~'T l:cn;;;v:n>:R:rA--,JUNI. 1'1, 1\l7:t <br />On .Tune Hi r.nd 16, PresIdent Nixon a'h,J.'. <br />.Pre.':;i<kut Ecl1evenia. mot and follOWing ~e, '~' <br />me6ting-s. l.s3ued a Joint cornlllllnlque, (ja~ > <br />June 17. 1072, WIi.h rf'~'pect; to the COlorapo' <br />Riv('t, Presict6nt EC!leVel"l'ia g{.we the .;lssetl~ <br />of 1;11e Cllr;'(!l"t{; Mexican position HS wantlpiJ; :;" <br />v:ater ttndcr the 1914 Traat.y to be t,he sam-e. <br />quality as the ,;",,:ttel' at Imperial Dam.. Pr<'l{b <br />dent NIxon repliea that ."thIs W:W fl. blgli!r: <br />complex problem <llId needed careful CX,ll~J:-' <br />l1atiort of a.n Dl;pects." The Prel>lclent tll~n <br />outltned tour poInts find r:n.id t::.a.t the' <br />United States WftS prep:<.red to: f "4 <br />(a) tUldertf,ke ccr-tu.iu actIons Imnl.(;dl::"\tl1-': ~; <br />ly to ilnprove the quality of wllter going to <br />Mexico' ' <br />(b) ~tesi1tnate a special reprqseni}ttix8 Jo. <br />begin work immediafely to find l\ pt>rm:>.1f..;. <br />ent, definitive aml just solution ot thJ'i <br />p:'ohlem; .; <br />(c) instn1(:~ the special representati....e +1 <br />sulnnlt, a report to hIll by the end pi U~e '"" <br />;real'; and ':, <br />(d) G'..::lJmlt this proposal, once it has tKe" <br />l'.ppr()\"a! ot .this government, to Pn:'slce4t ,> <br />ECli1)Vcrria fDr his cDnsfder;>,tiOll m-"d ap.. :< <br />pro,"(l,L _ <br />Tile Jm111edia.te, action referred to by Hit: <br />President is the s\lb::;1.itut.lon of Colorado "'I <br />Rivet \"'la-ter ".Dd Yumn Me3a we-tel' a-t art <br />annual ra~e of 1113,000 acre,.fcet for' an equ41 <br />qlJ3,ntity of Wl!llt::m-MDnawl{ wat,er, 'l~c <br />lIB,OJ!) at/:!r ;\,:"s computed by the pl'enous1q <br />referred to equiYBient-salt-balance coi1cep~.." <br />The substitution of tl:e w~ter by 'lll!: Unhe1;l <br />Statf's will result in ctel1very ~t wnter ~ <br />.M:exioo B.t the nort.herly internatioual bou1l.';- <br />dgry Witll r,n (ly'et"nge salinity ot 1 go ppm ~ <br />c0n1rar,'d to 1~~1O ppm. ci.c:livered to ~.r€')C\(':Q' <br />for t.he calcndl1l' n;>(1,C' ID7;1.. , <br />At thB r;:>quci,t of :t,:r()xico,~th~ Uult.,d S-u...t~ <br />will a~so bypp.3:l 'the balance of the Well"o~r <br /> <br /> <br />