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<br />3517 <br /> <br />CONTENTS <br /> <br />ABSTRACT <br /> <br />1. INTRODUCTION <br /> <br />1.1 General Grouping of Applicable Processes <br />1.2 Inventory of Desalting Plants <br /> <br />2. DISTILLATION (EVAPORATIVE) PROCESSES <br /> <br />2.1 Heat and Energy Supply <br />2.1.1 Steam Generator Costs <br />2.1.2 Fuel Costs <br />2.1.3 Typical Steam Costs <br />2.1.4 Rationale .for Energy Costs Selected for <br />Distillation Processes in PSIAC Study <br />2.1. 5 Problems in Coupling of Power and <br />Desalting Plants <br />2.1.6 Desalting in Conjunction with Natural <br />Wate r Supply <br />2.2 Multistage Flash Distillation Process <br />MSF Process Description <br />2.3 Vertical-Tube Evaporator Process <br />2.4 Vertical-Tube Evaporator with MSF Feed Heating <br />VTE-MSF Process Flow Description <br />2.5 Vapor Compression-Vertical Tube Evaporator- <br />Multistage Flash Process <br />2.6 Commercial and Developmental Statue <br />2.6.1 Multistage Flash Process <br />2.6.2 Vertical Tube Evaporator Process <br />2.6.3 Vapor Compression Process <br />2.7 Pretreatment of Seawater for Evaporator Plant Feed <br />Streams and Passivation of Product Water <br />2.7.1 Cblorination <br />2.7.2 Scale Control <br />2.7.3 Product Water Treatment <br />2.8 Distillation Costs and Plant Parameters <br />2.8.1 Cost Estimating Ground Rules and Assumptions <br />2.8.2 MSF Plant Costs <br />2.8.3 YTE/MSF Plant Costs and Parameters <br />2.8.4 VC/VTE/MSF Plant Costs <br /> <br />3. MEMBRANE PROCESSES <br /> <br />3.1 Electrodialysis <br />3.1.1 ED Process Flow Description <br />3.1.2 Cbemical Pretreatment <br />3.1. 3 Product Water Treatment <br />3.1.4 Heat and Energy Supply <br />3.1.5 Commercial and Developmental Statue of ED <br /> <br />11i <br /> <br /> <br />',f: <br /> <br />.'T" <br /> <br />"~',,":' ," <br /> <br />( ,'\:!if.:-:,. <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />1 <br /> <br />1 <br />2 <br />3 <br /> <br />5 <br />5 <br />5 <br />7 <br />7 <br />9 <br /> <br />10 <br /> <br />12 <br /> <br />13 <br />13 <br />16 <br />18 <br />18 <br />21 <br /> <br />24 <br />24 <br />24 <br />25 <br />26 <br /> <br />26 <br />26 <br />28 <br />28 <br />28 <br />29 <br />29 <br />38 <br /> <br />38 <br /> <br />38 <br />43 <br />45 <br />46 <br />46 <br />47 <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br /> <br />- - - ......., <br /> <br />. <br />___J <br />