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<br />FOOTNOTES
<br />
<br />I n Forest Service and conservationist terminology I a wilderness area has come to be broadly defjned as
<br />one which remains in its natural, wild state, undisturbed by man-made roads and structures,
<br />
<br />2 Frederick Jackson Turner, Frontier and Section: Selected Essays (Englewood Cliffs, N, J,:
<br />Prentice,Hall, 1961), pp, 37,62,
<br />
<br />3 Frederick L. Paxson Postwar Years: Normalcy, 1918-1923 (Berkeley: University of California Press,
<br />19481. pp, 161,63, 381,82, See also Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F, D, R,
<br />(New York: Alfred A, Knopf, 19551. p, 302, Although Donald C, Swain did note that the period
<br />1921-1933 was a "time of preparation for greater forestry accomplishment in the future," his book
<br />did not point to the positive gains in wilderness preservation in the National Forests but in the
<br />National Parks, Donald C, Swain, Federal Conservation Policy, 1921,1933 {Berkeley: University of
<br />California Press, 19631. pp, 29, 123-43,
<br />
<br />4 Roderick W, Nash, "Man and Nature in America," Forest History, VII (Winter, 19641, pp, 21,22,
<br />Nash's review concerned the book by Arthur A. Ekirch, Jr., Man and Nature in America (New York:
<br />Columbia University Press, 1963), which he stated was a "rehash" of "widely documented portions of
<br />American history such as the campaigns for forest conservation and the national parks."
<br />
<br />5 Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission (ORRRC), Study Report No. 27 (Washington:
<br />Government Printing Office, 1962), pp, 1-3,
<br />
<br />6 U, S, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Wilderness, Pamphlet No, 459 (Washington:
<br />Government Printing Office, 1963), p. 3. It also identified Henry David Thoreau as one of the first
<br />Americans who spoke out for the preservation of wildlands "just over 100 years ago."
<br />
<br />7 Robert Sterlin9 Yard, "Saving the Wilderness," The Living Wilderness, V (July, 1940), p, 3,
<br />
<br />8 Harvey Broome, "Origins of the Wilderness Society," The Living Wilderness, V (July, 1940), p, 13,
<br />
<br />9 Ibid._ citing Aldo Leopold, "The Last Stand of American Wilderness," American Forests and Forest
<br />Life, XXXI (October, 1925). pp, 599,604,
<br />
<br />10/bid" citing Robert Marshall, "The Problem of Wilderness," Scientific Monthly XXX (February 19301,
<br />pp,141-48,
<br />
<br />"Broome, The Living Wilderness, V (19401, p, 13,
<br />
<br />l2Aldo Leopold, "Origin and Ideals of Wilderness Areas," The Living Wilderness, V (July 1940). p, 7,
<br />
<br />131bid., citing Aldo Leopold, 'The Wilderness and Its Place in Forest Recreation Policy," Journal of
<br />For""try, XIX (November, 1921), pp, 718,21.
<br />
<br />l40RR RC, Study Report No, 3, p, 20,
<br />
<br />15See the "Copeland Report," published urader the title A National Plan for American Forestry: A
<br />Letter from the Secretary of Agriculture Transmitting the Report of the Forest Service on the Forest
<br />Problem of the United States (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1933). pp, 474,76,
<br />
<br />160RRRC, Study Report No, 3, p, 21. These regulations were listed as U,I, U-2, and U-3, and remained
<br />in effect until 1964, when they were superseded by the Wilderness Act.
<br />
<br />17Minutes of the Supervisors' Meeting, January 29-February 3,1917, District 2, United States Forest
<br />Service, Denver, pp. 118.19, Conservation library Center, Denver Public Library.
<br />
<br />18Frank A. Waugh, Recreation Uses on the National Forests (Washington: Government Printing Office,
<br />1918), p, 37, Waugh was head of the School of Landscape Engineering at Dartmouth College and a
<br />personal friend of Assistant Forester Edward A. Sherman of the Forest Service in Washington.
<br />
<br />19Letter from Carhart to Sherman, February 12, 1919, Arthur H, Carhart Papers, Conservation Library
<br />Center, Denver Public Library. Hereafter referred to as Carhart Papers.
<br />
<br />20/bid,
<br />
<br />21 Letter from Sherman to Carhart, February 8, 1919, Carhart Papers.
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