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<br />~-,.,,~-". . <br /> <br />the NOx produced technologically is in the form of NO, which is <br />subsequently converted in the atmosphere to the more toxic and irritating <br />NOZ' <br /> <br />..... <br />-..I <br />en <br />1'0 <br /> <br />Nitrogen dioxide (NOZ) has many biologic effects similar to that of <br />ozone. However, on an equal concentration basis it is less toxic. <br />Short-term exposure to NOZ can induce respiratory difficulties as well <br />as pulmonary edema. Long-term exposure to NOZ can lead to acute <br />respiratory disease and acute bronchitis. Welfare effects include <br />visibility impairment and acid deposition. In the Denver metropolitan <br />area current NOZ levels are slightly below the national ambient standard. <br /> <br />F. <br /> <br />Lead <br /> <br />Mobile sources are the largest contributors of airborne lead in Colorado, <br />particularly pre-catalyst equipped automobiles that burn leaded gasoline. <br /> <br />The chief stationary source of lead in Colorado is the processing of <br />concrete. Lead emitted by stationary sources may be in the form of both <br />coarse and fine particulate matter. A small fraction of lead emissions <br />may be in the vapor phase, primarily emissions from gasoline production or <br />transfer at service stations. <br /> <br />The most important souces of lead exposure in humans and other animals are <br />ingestion of foods and beverages, inhalation of airborne lead, and the <br />eating of non-food substances. Clinical lead poisoning is accompanied by <br />symptoms of intestinal cramps, peripheral nerve paralysis, anemia, loss of <br />muscle tone, and severe fatigue. Individuals with clinical cases of lead <br />poisoning usually have blood levels above 80 ug/100 mI. Subtle effects of <br />lead exposure appear at blood levels between 40 and 60 ug/100 mI. Average <br />lead levels in the blood usually are around ZO ug/lOO mI. <br /> <br />F. Odors <br /> <br />Odors are mainly a citizen welfare problem and usually affect ,small areas <br />near the source. Odorous compounds may be tn all three physical forms <br />(solid, liquid aersol or gas). Since no method of calculating emissions <br />exists, measurements must be made during operation of the source to <br />determine actual ambient levels. <br /> <br />The type and source of odor determine much of the impact. Many odors are <br />pleasant to some and unpleasant to others. Each individual perceives <br />odors differently. <br /> <br />Intensity also determines the impact of an odor. The "Handbook of <br />Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals" states that chemicals with odor <br />indices (odor potential determined by vapor pressure) of 100,000 or <br />greater have a high potential of causing odor problems. Also, individuals <br />have differing abilities to detect odors. <br /> <br />Meteorological conditions have an effect on the odor problem. Wind moves <br />and dilutes the odors. Temperature, pressure and relative humidity also <br />contribute to the perception of odors. <br /> <br />-5- <br /> <br />'"_ ',ie'", ",;~ij <br />