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<br />.conduct~r5. It is employed for the solutIOn of prohlem" In dif.
<br />ferent fields such as stress analysis of clams or machine parts hy
<br />the photoelastic mcrhod, estimation of wilter Incl.. In tlclal nl.t-
<br />works, piping and uplift In the de~iRn of <;tructure~ on pcnne;Jble
<br />foundations, Torsion of shafts, C;J,'iralilln arouncl streamlined
<br />bodies as airships. torpedos, heat tr<lnsfer in Ihe de~iRn (Jf fur-
<br />naces and internal combustion en~ines, ere.
<br />OVER.DEVELOPMENT - In ground water; when the eco.
<br />nomic yield of an aquifer is exceeded, that aquifer is said to be
<br />ol'erde\.eloped. [f the transmissibility of an aquifer \s limi,ed,
<br />exeessi\'e withdrawals In a restricled area mav cause sufficient
<br />drawdown locally as to make it uneconomic to continue to
<br />",:,'ilhdraw water at that rate, e"en Ihough the phYSical yield
<br />limit for the entire aquifer has not been reached. That condition
<br />is called local orer'~en~lopnle'lf.
<br />PERi\1EABILlTY The property of a material which permits
<br />appreciable mo\'eml'nt of waTcr through It when saturated and
<br />actuated by hydrostatic pressure uf the magnitude normallv en.
<br />countered in natural subsurface watcr. The riJte of permeability
<br />is measured by.the quantity of Wdlcr pdSSlnR through a unit
<br />cross section, in a unit time when the Rradient of the energy
<br />head is unitv. Prel'iollSllCH is ~metimes used in the same sense
<br />as permeabiruy. See cocfflc/elll, peTll1e'lbilil.l..
<br />
<br />PRECIPITATION (I) The tOlal measurable supply of water
<br />of all forms of fallinfi moisture, includinR dew, rain. mist, snow,
<br />hall. and 'Slee,: mua y expressed a'S depth of hquid waler on a
<br />horiLOntal surf<lce in a da,', month. or year, and designated as
<br />daily, month Il', or annual precipitarion. (2) The process by
<br />which atmospheric moisture in liquid or solid state is discharged
<br />onto 3 land or .....ater surface. (3) The phenomenon \....hich oc.
<br />curs whcn a substance held in solUlion in a liquid passes out
<br />of solution inlo solid fonn.
<br />REOUIREl\IENT, WATER - The tOlal quantity of water, re.
<br />gardless of its source. required by crops for their nonnal growth
<br />under field conditions. It mal' include water applied in irriga-
<br />tion, precipitation, and ground water available to the crops.
<br />RESERVOIR, GROUND.\VATER - (I) A reservoir in which
<br />ground.water is stored for future extraction and use. The waler
<br />may be placed in the resen'oir by artificial means (spreading,
<br />etc.) or. bv natural means (seepage, infihration, etc.). (2) See
<br />acquifer. . .
<br />
<br />SPREADING, WATER (I) The artificial application
<br />water to lands for the purpose of storing it in the ~round
<br />subsequent withdrawal by pumps for crops. (2) Irrigation
<br />surplus .....aters out of cropping season.
<br />
<br />WATER, GROUND, RECHARGE. Water descendinl{ to the
<br />zone of saturiJlIon. Natural recharge i$ that portion of water
<br />from the atmosphere which g:ravitates to the zone of saturation
<br />under natural conditions. Artificial recharge is that water which
<br />is added to the zone of saturation through the acti\-ities of man,
<br />such as spreading basins, weBs, irrigation, and induced i,:filtra-
<br />tion from streams. Also called recharge; ground.water Intake;
<br />ground-water increllle,!t.
<br />YIELD, GROUND.WATER, ECONOMIC. The maximum
<br />rate at which waler can be anificially withdrawn from an
<br />aquifer throughout the fore~eable future without clep\eting the
<br />supply or altering the chemical character of the water to. such
<br />an extent that withdrawal at this rate is no longer economically
<br />possible, The economic yield \-'aries with economic conditions
<br />and other factors such as recharge, natural discharge, pumping
<br />head, etc. The term may be arplied with respect to the eco-
<br />nomic feasibility of withdrawa from the standpoint on.ly of
<br />those who arlificially withdraw water or from the standpoint of
<br />the economy of a river \'alley or other laqi~er area 10 whith the
<br />aquifer contributes water.
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<br />OFFICERS
<br />
<br />J, Sid Nichols, President
<br />
<br />Roy D, Cooper, Vice President
<br />Thomas W, McCurdy, Secretary
<br />
<br />,
<br />
<br />James G. Shoun, Treasurer
<br />
<br />BOARD OF DIRECTORS
<br />
<br />George E. Everett, Salida
<br />
<br />Wendell Hutcbinson, DVM, Salida
<br />
<br />Frank Dilley, Canon City
<br />
<br />James G. Shoun, Canon City
<br />
<br />J, Selby Young, Colorado Springs
<br />
<br />J, Sid Nichols, Manitoll Springs
<br />
<br />Harold H, Christy, Plleblo
<br />
<br />David E, Ciruli, Plleblo
<br />
<br />frank Milenski, La Jllnta
<br />
<br />William Bauserman, Manzanola
<br />
<br />Thomas W, McCurdy, Olney Springs
<br />
<br />Herbert Scbroeder, Ordway
<br />
<br />Roy D. Cooper, Las Animas
<br />
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<br />
<br />Joe W. Purvis, Las Animas
<br />
<br />James E. Wagner, Lamar
<br />
<br />STAFF
<br />
<br />Charles L. Thomson, General Manager
<br />
<br />Mrs, Mollie Brown, Of/ice Manager
<br />
<br />Mrs. Jean Perko, Receptionist-Secretary
<br />
<br />Charles J, Beise, A !tomey
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