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<br />000535
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<br />24
<br />
<br />Kansas State Board of Agriculture
<br />
<br />the eastern and western portions of the basin. The average slope
<br />(feet per mile) from the state line to Osawatomic is 1.10 feet; from
<br />Osawatomie to Quenemo approximately 1.53 feet per mile and above
<br />Quenemo to the headwaters, 5.20 feet per mile.
<br />
<br />GEOLOGY
<br />
<br />The Marais des Cygnes Basin lies entirely within the Osage Plains
<br />section of the Central Lowlands physiographic province. The main
<br />stream rises on the east flank of the Flint Hills area, and its drainage
<br />basin- is underlain by limestone and sandstone that occur in alter-
<br />nating layers and dip gently toward the west. Near the Missouri
<br />line, limestones become less prominent and the basin is underlain
<br />primarily by shale with some siltstone and sandstone. The main
<br />valleys may be compared to troughs cut in this bedrock and filled to
<br />a shallow depth with alluvium. This alluvium consists primarily of
<br />gravel, sand, silt, and clay, with a conspicuous percentage of flint.
<br />Locally, terrace remnants occur along the major valleys; these ter-
<br />races are capped with deposits of gravel, sand, and silt.
<br />
<br />RAINF ALL
<br />
<br />The average annual precipitation over the basin varies from about
<br />36 inches in the upper reaches to about 40 inches at the state line.
<br />The basin has distinctly humid climate, characteristic of the mid-
<br />continent region with its great extremes of temperature. Generally
<br />about 65 percent of the total precipitation is during the period April
<br />1 to September 30.
<br />
<br />HYDROLOGIC FEATURES AND RELATED DATA
<br />
<br />Seven stream gaging stations are being maintained in the Kansas
<br />portion of the Marais des Cygnes basin.
<br />
<br />TABLE 2.-Stream Gaging Stations in the Marais des Cygnes Basin
<br />(Kanffis Portion)
<br />
<br />Stl1tion Stream Period of recQrd 6S of Sept. 80, 19H
<br />Melvern ........... Marais des Cygnes River, 1939-1944
<br />Ottawa (near) ..... Marais des Cygnes River, 1902-1905; 1911-1914; 1918-1944
<br />Trading Post...... Maraisde.CygneB River, 192J-1923; 1928'J944
<br />Lyndon (near) ..... Salt Creek .............1939-1944 , .
<br />Quenemo (near) ... Dragoon Creek ........ 1939-1944
<br />Garnett (nea.r) ..... Pottawatomie Creek.... 1939-1944
<br />Fort Scott (near)... Marmaton River ...... 1921-1925; 1929-1944
<br />
<br />The Marais des Cygnes river is subject to frequent floods that
<br />cause heavy damage to crops, highways, railroads, bridges, and other
<br />structures. The general climatic and topographic conditions over
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