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<br />4 DECISIONS PEJRTI:N'ENT TO PROPOSED WATER RIGRTS ACT
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<br />State COl1rt~ sl\!>taillin.l!; it, and of n. frcllll~llt rcr:(l~nition of il.~ validity by this
<br />court. Whnle\'er douhts might cxi~t if this mnttcr WI\S wholly res intcp;ra, we
<br />ho.\-~ 1\0 Ilt:sit.'lti.}!\ in IH)ldillp; f.hn.t tfle C]Hcstintl Jnl18t he considered as set.tled by
<br />~o~~dillclicfl.ti(ln~ and cannot noW he reopened (p. 127).
<br />
<br />:J, Clark Distilling Co. v. Western Maryland R. Co, (242 U, S. 311
<br />
<br />(In17)) involves the Webb-Kenyon Aet (37 Stat. Gnn) whieh went
<br />
<br />further thnn the Wilson Aet nnd in effect made interstnl,e shipments
<br />
<br />of liquor subject to State conl,ml by specifically prohibiting shipments
<br />
<br />in violn.lion of those In.ws. Congress had t,ile power, according to the
<br />
<br />Supreme Court, to enact Ic~islf1,t.ion making existing l1nd fulm'c State
<br />
<br />probibitious applicahle, Said the Court:
<br />
<br />.. .. * The mi:"t~'l.kcl\ l\:":-illl1lpt.ion that the ~~ddcl1tn.l considcrn.t.iol1~ wbich
<br />C3use 11 subject on t.he OIle hnnd to como lwder St..atc control in t,ne ah~encc of
<br />congre~~iol1nl re~ulntion, nnd other ~lIbje<:t.s on t.he cont.rary 1.0 he frN! from
<br />SU\tc control Illltil Congre,..;s has actcn, nre the e:;~cntin.1 crilerin. hy which to
<br />wt the qlle~t.ion of t.he power of Congress to regulate the l!lode ill which the
<br />excrtion of that power may he mflllifcst,c(l. The two thillj:!;S fire winel)' rlifTerent,
<br />since t,he rip:ht to rc~ulfile Gild it...;; seope nlld moch: of ex(;rti.)lI must CleJlC'lld upon
<br />the p,)Wcr Jlo!;.~eCl~crl by COllp:re,.::s uver the slIbject regulated, Followjll~ t,he
<br />uncrrinp: \l~th pointed out hy th:lt J:!:rcnt prinriplc we can ~ce no rca:-;Oll for saying
<br />that a]tholl)!h Conp:ress ill \"i~w of the lI:l.tl1ro nnd charnct.cr of intoxieflnt...<:; h;1(i a
<br />pm\'er to Corhin their mo\"ement ill inlcr::-tatc commerce, it had not the authority
<br />to.so dc:\( with the suhject as t.o establl:,h fl rl'gulation (\\-hieh i... wh.1.t Wfl.'i done by
<br />the Webb-Kenyon In.w) making it illlpo:,,~lhle for onc ~tate to \'iolate the pro-
<br />bibit,ion~ of the laws of :l.llothcr through the ehanlle1~ of illt.cr.)t,:lte commerce.
<br />Indeed, we can ~cc 110 c."CtlpC from the COllClu..::ioll t.hat if we n("ceptt'd i.hE" propo~i-
<br />tion nrp;en, we would be ob]ig:cd to announce the cOIlt.r:\Clictioll ill t.erms that
<br />bccfl\l:"e COllgr('.~!' had e\:ertecl!l. regulation le,;~pr ill power t.han it was [luthorized
<br />to exert,. th('rC'fore its action was \'oid for exec,;;;; of power. Or, in other words,
<br />stat.ing the Ileccc::,ary re:,;ult of t.he nrl!:\Ill1ent from R concrete cnn..,ideration of the
<br />particulnr subject here ill\'ol\.ed, that \)eCHU;;C C(lngrc;;:,; ill adopt.iug 8. regulation
<br />had. cOIl!'irlcred thP- nnt\lre and charncter of our cIual :"y~tClll of ~o\'erllmellt, StA.te
<br />and I\ation, A.nd illslcan of ah:,;olutely prohibitilll:!;, hA.d 5n conformed its rcguiA.tion
<br />&"1 to produce cooperation I.)f~t.wcen Lhc 10(';,1 and nut.ionfd forces of government to
<br />the enn of pre:"c:T\-iog the ri!Z:hts of DIl, it had thereby tran:"cenrled lhe complete
<br />and perfcet power of rCl!ul;Hi0r1 con(erred by the Constit.llt.ioTl. And it i,~ weB
<br />again to point out. t.h:\t:, this abnormlll re:::ult to which the argument lead:; concerns
<br />a fiubject n~ to which both Ht:\te ~lI1d :Notion in their respecti\.e sphere:" of authority
<br />pO!'."'c,<;,"ccl tile .';uprcme...t :wt.hority before the flC'tion of Congre.'i:; which is com-
<br />plained of, and hence the :\rgument ....irtually comes to the u:,,;;.crtion that in !'.ome
<br />. undi:::clo~ed wav by the exert,iOIl of congressional authority, power possessed h3s
<br />evaporatrd, .
<br />. * * . * * *
<br />
<br />Before conctllding. we come to consider wh:\t we deem to be arguments of
<br />incollvenienee which :lre relied upon, that. j:;, the: dread expr~~f'cd that the powel'
<br />by re~ubtioll to 0110"" Stnte prohibiti01ls tv attach to the mOH:ment oC intoxicants
<br />ln~..s the ba:::i'i forsubjcctil1~ interstate ('ommerce in nil flrticles to State coolrol and
<br />thercf(ln~ destroy:; the COllstit.lltion '" . '" (pp. 330-33:}).
<br />
<br />4. Kent.ucky Whip and Collar Co. v. IlIilloi8 Central RaiLroad Co.
<br />
<br />(2n9 U, S. 334) (1037) WitS nn application of thc Ashurst-Summers
<br />
<br />Act which sought, to assist St.ltes, in protecting tueir industry and
<br />
<br />labor, by prohibiting the shipment of convict-mude goods through
<br />
<br />chn.nnels of intcrsli1tc commcrc.c into such States cont,rury to their
<br />
<br />I.,\\'s. In line ,,~th the Webb-Kenyon [liquor] Act cltses, the Supreme
<br />
<br />Court held that Congress could shnpe its policy in the light of the fact
<br />
<br />that this transportation in interst,at,e commerce, if pcrmitted, would aid
<br />
<br />in the frustration of valid State laws for the protection of persons and
<br />
<br />property.
<br />
<br />To aid the States in securing the full protection they desired, Congress brought
<br />into pl.'lY its power to regulate intergtnte commerce (p. 349). : ,'., .;
<br />
<br />I.
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<br />DECISIONS PE'RTINENT TO PROPOSED WATER RIGHTS ACT 5
<br />
<br />* '" * TI .
<br />. Ie perf,llIent point i~ th:1.t ,vi l' tI I .
<br />W1UC!1 1.l1e power ()f thc :-;t:Ltes..m.... 1 :r~ ~c ~1I )jl:C.t of comm,'rC'e is. ont' :~d to
<br />prulllbi!.ioll ill ordl'f to ';I"('\'('/lL i? C'~"~t.ltllth.)llally bl~ (':\:crkd \1\. rrsfrjetioll or
<br />sel:~ fit, pnt. (orlft its POWL".' t~ re qJ;I~LI~/, ~J (:~J.I.~eCJ.lI~~l\e(':;, the COIl,~n'...;...; 11l,'l.Y, if it
<br />COll1llle;rl:t' (1'0111 IJcill" u'-',',I {I' ""'1"' II "I'Ilt,(.;t~t.~te COltlllH'ree so :\l'i to Ilre;n~llt tf"lt
<br />.1., (, ."' .. l: (~ ~ Ie ('"lrrnl '01 t f LI .' , .
<br />Ie -,Oll!~n'."s HI I.:X(,JTi.~jng t/, ,,'" I.!.!.: I ,0 tl: "I.:IU: puitey (p. :;51).
<br />free a.~ th~ n\.:ILt;:-; to 1'l'(:o"llilC tl/;e.I~~l~~rlr (,olllld{~(,l io It !.I_.... tile COll...;(,itutiOIl i3 .L:S
<br />till: COll"l"e,.." :Lt.1ellll)lc<! '"', ~ I ,I alllclII,d ltltlH'C':its of fl"\'4: hh('l' f\or h: '
<br />I <~' . U uC l'~iLtc It~ :tllthorit ,t t1. '"' ' <.', ,lS
<br />l,l~ not sOllght to C'xl'l'ei~e a pow' t d '." 0 1e otalcS. 1 he CUII"fCSS
<br />St.:Ltcs '" ... '" (p. J5~)." cr no gnlllic or to usurp the }Joliee powers of the
<br />
<br />;). Prudential lng.urn,}/cc Co v n . .
<br />c:,"I<1 he sai<l 1,0 Ju"",, I'ools ill' p. /e:)J"m:"~ (;J~S U, S. 40S (I 0~G))
<br />1<01' t]", P"I'!,0'I'5 of this brief it",~ \ ,V:'{T"" (S \V'~1. HiS (181;0)).
<br />h\~ld t.hat, t.hr. IHI:"iillt,n of ' , C.1.1l Jt :-;i"LlC t,h;LL l,ht~ l)1l}H'PIIlC Court
<br />\\'] . .s:; !nslll'fi.JlC'r, W'l~ n t .
<br />, l;l.t,0-\"l'l' it,:; rhfLl':1.etC'1' ill 18G~!) tJ ~s 1 ~ ~ (), lllt.cr..,/aiL'. .ClllTlllH'I'CC.
<br />S~l~th~(l.Sfl'l'I~ U1Ldel"l~n"ter8 ...."lssac'. d~2. tf.1 ft}~; ~()Urt, IJdd III U. S. V.
<br />01 g,'''lzod IlIlIl c""!'!Cd on tl' ' J l3 (W44)) thltt as j,hen
<br />charact,L'1'. ' ,IC lllsurancc lnlslIH'sS \\"11S interstate in
<br />To pren'Jlt chaos Cun"l'C',,",s P'1.~ 1
<br />st:1.t'I!S qno ulldC'1' St:ate r:;"'l"lot',o' ~sP.t a1.t.cJIlfPofnr,v law prrsclTinrr the
<br />d ,]'1' . ~.. II Jll'II' 1Il~ urt]". t I "f ~
<br />e I )Cr:Lt,lon COl1crrt'ss PO"' ' I tl '1 C :::. ,[.1 S ,Ut y. . .1"1. tel' due
<br />., S ' 0 .~. C( ,lC l\" C flrran \ t (.9 -,
<br />IZI~lg tate: H',qulnt,ion RIld ta.xa.t.iOll of t1 -. ,J ~c . u. ::::it-fLt., :.n) uuthor-
<br />:::louth CaroIlIl" tllerl"ftcr . ll. In~t11 nncc bUSlllL'SS.
<br />, .. 1. ID1poscd on 0 t f 5t .
<br />pD.lltl~S, ns Do t"ondit,ion of doill".J . ~. ll, ~o - ,['Ltc ]~lSllrallco COnl-
<br />tllX of ;; percellt of tlll' prem"' )1IS1teS, '),1 SOli tit Cnrohll'" nil nllllual
<br />No similar tiLX WfL<:: imposed O~1JSIS {,hIe ll~mess done in that State
<br />. Pr~l(l~nt.i:l.l insisted not. ~I1Iv t.! ?;I t nr? I_on ~om~:lnics. .
<br />(~ISCrlmInu.torr, but tl.lso that C IlU1r !~: tnx \\ :~s Hn~ahd uecftll~e it ""-o.s
<br />Stute rrgubLtion of commerce o~ ~lrc~.:; coul.d. not by In.w validate t,ile
<br />tion. Said (.llC Court: . ,1e ImpOSItIon of this form of taxa-
<br />
<br />Th.c commerce e]all,<:e is in no "'. r' .
<br />?v(,~ .~ttC'r~t.a.te and (oreign COllltn(!;~~::-e On ~llllt3.tJ~1l ([PO.H .the power of Congress
<br />HI ,t Oll~ v, Oqdf</l, 8. gr,'lnt to Con .r' 10 con rnry, Jt IS, as .'\larshall decl:ned
<br />tho~e ,~lJbJ('et.~. The Oldy Ijmitationgite;:<~,ofylen3ry l,ltld SUprcme tlut.horit.... ~""er
<br />~o \\ h,lt COIl."'tltlltC,":; comrn ' ' I . P ,leL:.o.; upon Congrl'..::s po\\"pr i-- in "
<br />:tnSilt~[f~~llltlr tu ~l:l:lk.c co~~(r~~~;~(;l~;fl;~~I~~-J~~~~~'~~e~j;.I:tJY.I:lay bl~ J(lu'}:d t~~'iN~~~
<br />, ,0 eoul:--t~, J:'; entJrely di...tinet f . "'~:lr.\ or appropnntc. Tllis
<br />~:~treel clall~c. TIlt'. 0110 i:::: cOIl('c~ncd wr3~lldt~c ~mpilf::d prohibition o( the C,)tl1-
<br />er JOlllluary o( the fi('Jd O\'('r u.,: h ~ nll1g commerce, with fb.in tl
<br />?tl,rr/datc:s o'lIly to lll:ttters \\'ithi::Cth ~~ ~ttltrity gr:llltcd ~h~ll! go\.er~. !;Th:
<br />g~;t1lJ b:)~~1(~~h~~~vI~~'~:elnrl'offaCll within tl~re e<ln~ cc~n.t~~~~~11:1~rCcle;il~~lce rfll,lei::;oi:,cJj~fil~eLd,
<br />St, t...1 ,ongTl~<:; Ilf'! I ~ ' . IlllJ a,-
<br />'1.1 C:';. :\t1u the two arc':l::: flr~' 110'" .,.' Ot ,u~r COftll/JC'''; only the nU\\f:"r::; of 'h
<br />c c3rlv oh-,: 'I' . d f . COtlX Cll<';l\'e T]. d". , J:. e
<br />cas~ ~t,d .i.;~ e~e_: 011' b~)tlt q.\1estio:l~ mfl~. undo illd~cd a~Ct' ht~ll.;tlUIl. ,:; .!lot al\\":l~'s
<br />. . . O:o.l: rL: athlll::lllp nut to bl . lme.'j uo nn.;e HJ the ""lIJl
<br />prohllJJil<;HJ \l'ic./I tile [L/1irma iv .' _ IIr t!lelll find tllcre!)\. V({Wlt~ the .1 ..... e
<br />8uch ~:q\lt""lll(~llcP (p. 4:!3) , t e clldo\\'nent l~ altogether falinciuu::;, Thc~~lL~JlI~d
<br />It IS not th'ce-:~:\rv to s I . . 0
<br />* * * OIH.i,)IJ...ly C(;lllZn::';P~::r ~:~~~c1~/~fl1e With interpreting t.he :\fcC:lrrnn 4.ct
<br />~~~~ ~Il~~: ~TI;-; ~~~':Je \~;~~.~~m;/~r \~~~II:~;~ t iI 1~\fl~7~n:{~i~ WIC ~~~;~i ~~:;)(~lrL;~ r~:~c~:\:i~ihl,g
<br />Ct~ f1U\\~ frOln i~", O\~'n power ~\~IL'~,;~;I:lvmg- o~):.,tfl\etion~ which miRht,'bt! tilOUfl"l:St
<br />xpre"slv pro\"ldeu il tl " Qrrn:l.IJ~ or exereL'::I'd . (' - 1-,
<br />decla..rin~ e:'qm.:~sly 111~d ';ffi~~l;tltt,;:f or ill fUt.l.lre Icp;i:-il~ti~lI'. e\~l;~tO~\l(~tl~~~\"'.Ge
<br />~f Llll.'" bll:--lIle,.,s is ill 'he I"tbl' . l: y t nt COllt!lluc'c! ::itate n:''"llJlLtiol' 0 J f.. ':--, y
<br />In it .. I II '-- .. Ie llltere..;t and tl " Ib"~ ...11 ~X2.tlOl.l
<br />M ," III I)~ fo:!\l/)Jc~('.t to" the ]n...... of th . ~u t _!U lI~I~IC,..;~ amI ajj who engug
<br />, arGO vel", In t::J.killfl" thi::; nelio 'c e :o;c\"C'ral ;"'Jtaf,e..; in the...;f' rf's wet' e
<br />~~IOII~lde exj:o;tell~c: ~f St.ate sy::;~ell~ngr~~~ n;u:.t have had (I~U kno'\JI~d;~ of the
<br />. t .v ( I ,f:r W~atJy m the scope and ebarncter 1I II Ion and tU,xn.tl';ln; of the f:let that
<br />t a.xes e:\:ac~d, and of the further fact tb' t . of,t~e regu]ntl,on:s Ilnposect [Lnd of the
<br />o some cxteat, have not been a.PPlied 1ll:1J1) , Ii .not ull, mcl.ude (e:lture.s which
<br />gencm ) to otlier luti:::r.stnte bu.siul::3.s:
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