|
<br />12
<br />
<br />DECISIOKS PER'l'Th"ENT TO PROPOSED W ATElR RIGHTS ACl'
<br />
<br />DECISIOKS PERTINENT TO PROPOSED WATER RIGHTS ACl'
<br />
<br />13
<br />
<br />the l'irrht, to (.he control of fill: wn.trrs :HlII hucl n.Ho-wc<l f.lIC Stutes to
<br />rcgul:~,l' t.hlllfl.tkl' un(ler the nets of 18lHi, 1870, ::111(11877. . .
<br />A ma.jority o( t,he court of Itppcn.1s held that. the tHere oWllerS~lIp of
<br />the }lO\\'PI" (him sil(~ cli(t lIOt. elllpowr:r t,lIe Ft:derl1.1.Governnwnt, .to license
<br />the use of the wa,krs of t,he l)('Sdlllt('~ HI\"ct' elt.her at. Lhe site of the
<br />lH'Opos~ll power dnm or ('lscwhl'rc contl'lLr)' to 9rep:on law (p. 3!)4).
<br />Cjrellit ~rlldgc Henly in diss(~IlLillg, howcypr, sl1ld t,be t.hrc~ ,c?ngl'c~-
<br />slollfllll.cts hiUl no llpplir.fl.t.ion to wn.ters all. reserved lauds.. I hiS P?Sl-
<br />tion was sustained by Hie Unit~d St.:tles StlJl~'CIll('. ~ourt III rCVf'.l'smg
<br />the court or apPI!tlls, with .JWit.lCC Douglas dJS5l~.f1~.Hlg,
<br />'l'he cn.sc WILS (lt~(:i(l('d on t.he 1\:1.1"1'0\\' proposlllOll t.ll:1.t the Com-
<br />mission was flut.llOl'i'.l'd by sc('.t,ion 4 of t.he Fl'(l(,l'l~l l'owrr Act (1G
<br />U. S, C, 797 (c)) to issue n. license llfor ft powc~. ]H'OJcct, to us<:' watc:s
<br />on llwds c-onstitllt,illg' r('scrnJ.tjon~ of 1!1C UJllt.cd S',at.t~S 10cfLted 1Il
<br />Or(lgoTl." \\~hfL.t. those Wftt.(':~s con.sl~t. of IS by HI:? mefLllS c,ll'n.r. O~t~ll-
<br />sibh" thel'e Hl'C II\volvcd vl1hd eXISI mg waleI' fights. fOl t.h~ dcelslOll
<br />notps th:lt t.hr. COlnmlssion sa.id t.be projrct would be subJL'ct to nil
<br />'exi5ting rights to the use or the Wl1tpl'S of th~ ri.vert wht\t:hcr perfect.ed
<br />or not. Howeyer, the Court,'s only stat<,cl Illllltfl.tlOIl. \~.lt.h resp('c~:o
<br />the license is its proviso llthat, as required .by tbe act r(~ltl1lg sectIOJl...I 1:
<br />tbe use of the \\"tl.ters doC's not conflict. WIth vested rlguts of at.hers.
<br />
<br />In thc wonls of the COUl't:
<br />Af" ill Fir.~l lOH;r! Coop. .' .. "', thi~ c:\sc illll>:tratc;; the illtcp;mt.ioll ~f t.he Federal
<br />Bud State i\lfi:-;dietioll~ ill liC(,lISill~ ""9'tl::"po\\'cr pr,ojcet;; 1I1H!CI t,.l!e ~c(.l~)~:l~ :ower,
<br />Aet'" ... "'. llerc '" "" .. the Comlnl~slon Ilfl.~ 1:-;"'.IICd 3. romp~l.d)lll IILell:-;t.:.f~r a
<br />power projce(. to 1I8C \\'~l.ter,.; 011 lll.,~d:; CdfL".llt.lltl1l~, r()s~r.\..1..tlt)l:s of, ~he (llUted
<br />States loc:l.\cd in Oregon...... *, (\V]c Sllst::"1Il the COmrn]:-.~1011 ~t\ ~3/)i T
<br />.. .. ... Th,~ ,\'('stprll termlllllS of the dUIL\ I"; to IWCtlP.\" latld,c;, \I It:llIl t.,Je "3rm
<br />Sprill!2:~ Indian ]k~en-:l.tioll, whh:lt h1\\'t.: he en rcgt~r\'ed ~~y the Unlt.ed Sl:-:'l.:cs for
<br />powcr pllrpu!"cs ;::.illCf' lUlU 31ld PJ13. The eo.:..:t?rIl tcrmlllll~ of the dall~ I::; t,o I~e
<br />on lands of the unilen. Sl~l.t.e'i which, at \c:l.:-;t. SllICC I~JOU, !In.\'c heen wlthdl[mn
<br />from I.'nlr\' lIllder the p1l1llie lnl1(1 lo.\\"~ and re,;cr\'~d for pmwT purposes. I/: .....
<br />[Tllte: ~llti.re flow oi thc~ ri\'....r wdl rlln tltr(1I1.L';h ur v.\'el' ~ltc darn IIlto the llatlln'LI
<br />Iwd of t,hl: ~lr(,:1.rn * * *. V~ri.ui(1ll~ filld iilt~rrllptIOIl::i III the Huw of the .."trcarn,
<br />('al\~('d In" the t~llIporary stoln.~e ur 11:;(: of \\"atj!r for powc~ p,llrpo."e,;, .o.re to be
<br />controlled by [J. "rcrc/-!l!J:l.f.iJ:j.!; ~:Wl" ...ppr.)\.'t.d I~y. ~,hc COlllllU~SIOll ~,Il(J lo('at;n.*o~
<br />pri\'at(: prolll:rty, to be acc!lllrcd, abullt. 3 mile", b~low the pU\\cr dam
<br />(Pl'. ,'38, 43"), . I b I U' d
<br />. *,., Hcre the jllri~dielion turns IIpOIl the o\~.nersh~p or C~)Iltro , .Y t 1(: . nlte
<br />Stat('~ of tile Tc:-;er\'ed lo.nd" * ... *. The anthl,nt.}' to lSSlle h~cllses III reln,tlon to
<br />na\'ig.:l.hle w:~tcrs of th~ U~dtl'd 8btc~. ;-;pril1~~ from tho .comrn,:rcc f:ki.lI~e ,of ,the
<br />Con~titlltioll. The f\lllllorlty to do so 111 n.ja.llon to pll~ll~ l;nd:s and rC:.-lL:r\El.tlOns
<br />of tlte United St3.tr:s ~prilll-(S from the 1l1'opf~rt.y r1n.lIse. . ,.
<br />In tin: installt c:~"c t.he projed. is to !.H:Cllr,y Inl1d~ w11l(':1I cOl~e wlt.hm the term
<br />HrcseT\.atiilll;:l " as di'ilillglli:ihc:d frOlll Hpllblic hl.lld,~." III the I. ~dc::l.1 Power. At~t..
<br />each hns it~ ~,.;t~IJli.~lted lllc311inp;. "J>~lbli~ I::LIlds" B.r~, I.'l.r~d.'l "i1I!)JC?,~ to pflV:1te
<br />appropriation a.nd disposal under pubhc I.o.nd laws, _ He"ervn.tlOlls me not so
<br />suhJect * . *, . . :
<br />1 here thus remains 110 qllc5tion as to the ('onstl.t.II~!Onal ll.1]d statutory fl.1~~hor.ty
<br />of the FcdeT:l.l powcr Comllli,,,~ion to grant a va.lld lIceuse .101'" f\ powel'" pruJect on
<br />reserved 1:1.llds of the Ullite~1 8t:1..te5, proddc:d th3t, as reqlllr;,d ~)y the nct, th~ llse
<br />of the water does not cOllflict With vc::;tcd fights of other * (pp. 142-44<>).
<br />The Court was referring here to section 27 of the Federal Powcr Aet
<br />which reads:
<br />Sl::c.27. Thut nothing herein contained shall .be confltrued as a.ffecting:. or
<br />intendinA: to n.fTect or in any way to. in.tcrf(:re With .th~ lo.~s of the rcspcctl,:,e
<br />SUl.tC'~ relating to the control, nppropru:l.tlOn, use, 01' dlstnb~tlon of w~tcr Ilsed !n
<br />irrig;o.tion Of for municipal 01' other u:-;es. br allY vest.~d right acqUIred therein
<br />[41 Stat, !U77, 16 U, S. C. 81],
<br />
<br />The Court next t.lIrlll'd. t.o tlll1 cont.ention of Orrgoll t.hnt tho Dl'5crt
<br />Land Act of 1877 and l'C'luled nds COllst.iLutcd fill eX])J'PSS cOI1!r!'(~~sionnl
<br />dcll'g'Il.l.ioll or eOllycynllce to l.be Sttlte of PO\\"l'I" t.o rcgldnt.c i.he U:--l', of
<br />the wuters of t.he Deschutes River (1'1', HG, -147), It. s:lid:
<br />'I< '" ... [T]hc..e 3Ct~ :He !lot npplicnble to t.he rcsC't"\'crl land.. :lIIe! watcr~ llcre
<br />iuvol....ed * . *. The ll\nd:c; before liS ill t.his C[lse fire not, "public land:;" but
<br />llre,..;erv:1.t.ioll~" ... ... *.... Accordillgly, it is elloll:;!:h, for the ins:nflt r[l.';l', to
<br />recop;lli~,e th:n tllt>;:;c 3Ct~ do not apply to thi,"i license, \\.bich rc/:ltcs cllly to the
<br />U~C of \\"nt.ers 011 rC';,>er\':ltio!ls of the Ulliled St.utes (p. .1-18).
<br />Said !\11'. ~TllsLice Doug-Ins, disseJJting:
<br />I would not. .':;llppose t.he Uuited :;tates could erect a dam on t.hi" llonna\'ig:lble
<br />river wiLhol1t obt:lilling it.::; water rights in ::ll:cordance wit,h State la\\' '" * *.
<br />The argulIlcnt prc,;"ed Oil us by the UlIited Stat.es is akill to t,he one urgl:d in
<br />Ncllrrtska \', WYOltlillg * '" *, In that case, the Ullited St~'ltt'''' :;(,ruggled to be
<br />rid of the rule of J.'I.W th:1.t. mane it:; water ri!-!;In,... all IlUlll':lVit.::lbfe ".;(rcn.rl\", of the
<br />\\'('.-:t dependcnt on State law * * *. We re:-,cf\"ed deci:-;ionll~ to wlwt.her under
<br />some circllm:-;talli:e;; {.he United ~tates might be the ower of lln~lJpropriglCd w:lter
<br />rights" Hilt. we bdd th:lt llllder tho;;:e act.o; the United 81:\te,,; Iuok it.. \\'~ltl'r rij.:ht,>
<br />lik~ (jther l:\lldo\\'llef"':, \'iz, puri'u.'I.ot t.o St:lte !:IW govl'TIling: :lj!prollri!llinll * * ...
<br />(1'1,,452,453),
<br />4. U. S. v. Chandler-Dunbar Co, (229 U. S. 5:1 (19B)): By the act
<br />of ,March 3, 1909 (:35 Stat, 81.5, 820), COllgress ded:lred t,Jl<lt (,),e O\n>er-
<br />ship, ill fee simple, of all l:tnrls and prop~rt.v lvilln" bdrwccn the
<br />St, Mur)'s 1<':llIs Ship Cnnnl and the intcrnnt.ional LOtin(l:~ry lit, S,wlt Ste.
<br />~durieJ ;vlich., Wns neccssnry to navigation. It. dirctt('d the Secre-
<br />tary of \VltI' to institute condcmnation proceedings for t.hnt purpose.
<br />The court, a",nrded the Chandler-Dunbilr CO, SG52,:3:J2 for its po\\'er
<br />fa<:ilit,ies nnd property, 55,50,000 of which wus the est.imntcd ,-nlue of
<br />the lIndc\'clopNI wf1.t.C'rpow~r in cx('C'ss of the SlIp posed J'cquil'Cll1cnt5 of
<br />nllvigation. (See p. 74.) The compnny claimed the ns:;;c~s('cl dn,m-
<br />agc's for t.his should hllve been $:3,4,00,000, The two qUl'st.ions for
<br />de(~isioTl, nceording to Justice LurLoTl, were: (1) \Yhethcr t.he com-
<br />pallY lwei :lny privat.e propert.y in t.he wat.crpower (:llp:wit.v of the
<br />rapids l't~qllirillg just compensi1.Lion under the fifth :ullcndlllc:nt; tlnd
<br />(2), if so, the extcnt of the waterpower right to be compensated.
<br />The t(~('.hllic:l1 title to the beds of nltvio'able strenms is eit.her in the
<br />Stnte or thc owners of hordering 1:1l1els, dependillcr on locnl l:1.w.
<br />Ho\\"eYe~'. sllid the cou.rt, this t.itle is at hest ft qualificctone nnd pri,"ute
<br />o~nwrslllp of the runnlllg woter of 11. nn\"ignblc stretllll i~ inconccivohle.
<br />(Sr,) pp, tiG llnd n9.) So nnfettered is t,he cont 1'0\ of Conr:res" over the
<br />nlt\'i~:thle ri\'C'.I'~ thnt its judgment ns 1,0 whet.her It cOlIstruetion in or
<br />OVer llny ~lI(:h nYcr is 01' is llot.'l hindnulCC t.o llIl\'i"'~lLion is (.'Ollclltsi\'c.
<br />~lSIll;h judgment, <1nd ddcrmillaLioll is Ute cxcl'cise;::)o[ kg'i~lllt,i\.c po\\'('r
<br />In respeet of a suhject wholly within its control" (pI', 0:1, G4). See
<br />also'pennsyluulli<! v. \V!.eehn!llirid!Je Co, (18 How. 421-4:1O (l85G)).
<br />\\ It,h rcspect, to eompensutlon Lhe court smd (U, S. v, Chandler-
<br />DU1/oar Co., ,-.:-upra" p. 7li):
<br />Having decided t.hn.t the Chandler-Duub3.r CO. :"IS riparian owners hnd no such
<br />v:estctl propert.y rq;ht in th~ w~tcr'po\\"er inlH;rcnt in the falls ;md mpids of the
<br />nv(:r, :1nd no ngh.t to place III the nver t.he wiirks cSsenti3.1 to :.\I\Y l-lr:i.ctic:ll us~ of
<br />the flow of the T1VC!~. t.he. Gove~nm('nt.cannQt be ju:stly required t.o P~l.\' for an
<br />elcm(:llt of vah~t:. \\'11I(:h dId not where In thl'l5c pn.rcc:ls :\s upbnd. The Govern.
<br />men~ lweI dommlon over t.he waterpower of the rapids :md falls :lnd C.'lnnot be
<br />r?qulred to pay any hypothetio[l.1 additional value to :\ riJl:lriua owner who h:id no
<br />right t.o appropri:l.tc the eLlrrent to his own commerci:ll use. These :ldditiOll:.s1
<br />val lies reprcsl'nt, therefore, no actual loss und there would be no justice in paving
<br />for 8 loss suffered by no one in (~ct. .'The requirement of the fifth amendrill'nt
<br />
|