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<br />TABLE OF CONTENTS <br /> <br />Page No. <br /> <br />Ti tIe page......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i <br />Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii <br />Disclaimer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hi <br />Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . iii <br />Table of Contents......................................... . . . . . i v <br />List of Figures and Tables. " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv <br />I. INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 <br />Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 <br />Taxonomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 <br />Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 <br />Life History....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 <br />Habitat Requirements....... . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 <br />Reasons for Current Status................ .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .22 <br /> <br />Conservation Efforts.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 <br />II. RECOVERY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .28 <br />Recovery Objective......................................... .28 <br />Step-down Outline.......................................... .29 <br />Narrative.................................................. .32 <br />References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .51 <br />III. IMPLEMENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 <br />IV. APPENDICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 <br />1. State Contact People........................................ 66 <br />2. Agreements Necessary for Protection of Essential <br /> <br />Hab i ta t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 <br />3. Example of a Memorandum of Understanding to Protect Least <br />Terns and their Habitat.................................... .69 <br />4. Essential Breeding Habitat......... ............ ... ......... .72 <br /> <br />5. List of Reviewers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 <br /> <br />LIST OF FIGURES <br /> <br />1. Breeding distribution of interior least terns in North <br /> <br />America.................................................... .11 <br /> <br />LIST OF TABLES <br /> <br />1. Known breeding areas of interior least terns in the <br /> <br />Missouri River system.........................................6 <br />2. Known breeding areas of interior least terns on the <br />Mississippi and Ohio Rivers... ............ ........ ..... .... ..8 <br />3. Known breeding areas of interior least terns in the <br />Arkansas River system..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 <br />4. Known breeding areas of interior least terns in the <br /> <br />Red River system........................................... .10 <br />5. Known breeding areas of interior least terns in the <br />Rio Grande River system.................................... .10 <br />6. Productivity of interior least terns..... ............ ... ....13 <br />7. Census data on interior least terns, 1985-1988.. ...... .... ..15 <br />8. Recommended annual flow regime for Central Platte River, <br /> <br />Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 <br /> <br />iv <br />