|
<br />CONSERVATION STORAGE - \V<lter lmpounded for later
<br />rde<l~e for (()lISull1ptin~ use,:>, such a~ municipal. industrial. and
<br />ilfig<ltl.,n.
<br />
<br />CONSUi\IPTIVE USE (V\'ATER) The u:,e uf water by
<br />dl~charge into the <ltll1osphere ,lr mcorporatlon mro the product
<br />lIf the process III cunnectiun with vegetatlve growth, food proc-
<br />es~ing, or dn industrial proce~s.
<br />
<br />DEAD STORAGE CAPACITY
<br />lowest outlet level of a resen'oir
<br />release.
<br />
<br />Resenoir c;lpacity below the
<br />and not susceptible to gra\'H~'
<br />
<br />ECOLOGY - A br:mch of scit.'llce cl'l1cerned .....ith the interre-
<br />latIonship uf urganisms and their environments especially as
<br />manifested by n,lIural cycles and rhythms. community develop-
<br />ment and structure. interactLon between different kinds of organ-
<br />Isms, geographIc distrlbutions and p0pulation alterations.
<br />
<br />GROUND.WATER BASIN - A ground water resen'Olr together
<br />with all the land surface and the ~ underlying aquifers that con-
<br />tribute water to rhe re~en.oir. In some cases the boundaries at'
<br />successi....ely deeper <.lqulfers ma" ddler In a \Vay that creates
<br />difficulty III defining the limits.ot' the baslt1.
<br />GROUND-\.VATER l\IlNING - The removal of wacer from a
<br />ground-water reser\'oir that has relat1vely little recharge in pro.
<br />portion to the amount of water in storage. It is usually applied to
<br />the pumping of large reser\'oirs.
<br />
<br />INTER FLOW - Runoff that moves through upper soil l<lyers
<br />:md retllrn~ to the surface or appears in stre<llTIS without entering
<br />a ~izeable ground water body.
<br />
<br />IRRIGATION RETURN FLO\V \.Vater which is not con-
<br />~umptively used ,.md returns to a surface supply. Under condi.
<br />tions of water-right litigation. the definition may be restricted to
<br />med~urable water returmng to the stream from which it was
<br />dil.erted.
<br />
<br />LAND CAPAB1LlTY CLASSIFICATION - Incerpreti\'C:~ group-
<br />ing 01:' land made primaIlly for .Jgricultural purposes. In thi~
<br />c1a~~iflcatlon, arable anJ non-arable soils are grouped according
<br />to theIr potentlalitie~ and bmit3tJOn [(II sustained production of
<br />the commonly cuhi\'ated crops or pemlilnent vegetation. and
<br />risk 10 soil damage.
<br />
<br />M&I (MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL) WATER. W"e<
<br />supplied to a centnd municip:l1 distribution system and water
<br />u~ed in Il1du5try and commerce.
<br />
<br />NATURAL FLO\V The rale of water movement, with its
<br />cont<lll1ed sediments. which actually flows pJ.st a specified point
<br />on a natuc31 stre<lm from a drain<lge area for which there h3vc
<br />been 110 effects camed by stre<Jm diversion, storage, import, ex-
<br />port. return flow. for change 111 consumptive use caused by man-
<br />cuntwlled muJific...ltions t(, l.Jnd lIse. Natural flow rarely occurs
<br />in a developed COUntl}'.
<br />
<br />OVERDRAFT - The <lmuunt uf w,Her bv 'wlllch the net pump
<br />lIlg draft exceeds the perennial )-Jeld for a ground water baslO
<br />
<br />pH (HYDROGEN ION CONCENTni\TION) . Meas",e of
<br />.lCldit" lIr alkalinitv of \Vdter. Distilled water, which is neutral.
<br />has a- pH value ot' 7; \'alues above 7 indic<lte the presence of
<br />.dblies. while those bel(Jw 7 indicate acids.
<br />
<br />POWER.. FmM - Power intended to) h<'ll'e assured ,l\'adability to
<br />the l.U~tlltl1Cr tll J111'Ct ;111 lIr ;my :lgIL'cd lIpnn pnrtillll of his iO;Hl
<br />lequiremenb.
<br />
<br />J
<br />o
<br />l'\j
<br />o
<br />w
<br />;.j::o.
<br />
<br />PO\VER, PEAKING - Electrical energy produced only during
<br />the hours of greate~t demand. Hydroelectric generation lends it-
<br />self best to this, as water is stored until the evening hours, and
<br />is then used to m:3nufacture the amount required over and above
<br />the capabilities or firm power units. (see pumped storage)
<br />PUMPED STORAGE - Stor.lge ot \\'<lter us~d for development
<br />of hydroelectriC power. in a reservoir by pumping it into the
<br />reservoir during the off.peak period of operation of the plant,
<br />utilizing for such pumping, surplus power generated in excess.
<br />of load requirements. Such water is lafer used fa de\'elop power
<br />during the period of peak demand. The reservoir IS usually at a
<br />considerable ele\'dtion above the power plant. rTO\'iding, thereby,
<br />a l<lrge head, which requires a relati\'ely ~mal amount of water
<br /><lnd storage Space. This method of supplying peak power often reo
<br />suits in a cunsiderable improvement 10 the load factor of [he
<br />m3il1 plant and a consequent saving III equlvment. Cyclic filing
<br />uf a rcserVOlf by pumping off-peak penods and subsequent re-
<br />ledse of ~tored water to generate hydropower during periods of
<br />peak power demand.
<br />REACH A specified length of ~tream, channel. or canal.
<br />RECHARGE BASIN A basin intended to increase Infiltration
<br />for the purpose of replenishing ground water supply.
<br />
<br />RETURN FlOvV - That part of a diverted flow that is not COI1-
<br />:-.umptil.'ely used <Iud that returns to a surface supply.
<br />
<br />RIVER BASIN LJEVELOPI\:lENT A program tu develop the
<br />use of water and land resources of d nver b:3sin, so coordinated
<br /><IS to obtain <l gre<lrer eHiciency of use than would be possible
<br />iF the resources were developed by uncoordinated multiple.
<br />purpose projects or <l series of uncoordinated single-purpose
<br />projects.
<br />
<br />WATER QUALITY A term used to describe the chemical,
<br />physical. and biological characteristics 01" water in respect to its
<br />suitability for a particular purpose. The ~<lme water may be of
<br />good quality ror one purpose or use, while bad for another.
<br />
<br />WATER FACTS
<br />
<br />In 190r) Americans consumed less rh<ln 5" gall()n~ per person per
<br />day, while in 1967 Americans consumed an average of 50 gallons
<br />per person per day. In 1967 Americans used 370 trillion gaUons
<br />per day, and it is estimated that in the year 2000 Americam are
<br />expected to Use 1,000,000,000,000 gallons per day.
<br />
<br />There .lfe 326,074,400 cubic miles of water in the world found
<br />in oceans, ice fields, lakes, rivers, underground, and humidity.
<br />
<br />A cubic mile contains 1.1 tnUron gallons which is more water
<br />thm the U. S. will need every day by the year 2000, and IS
<br />lhree tunes as much dS we me today. A cubic mile would drench
<br />,lIl of New En!,:land by an inch of water and would flood Con-
<br />nectiCuL to <l depth of one foot.
<br />
<br />317 million cubic miles art' in the seas, 7 millIon cubic miles are
<br />1I1 polar icecdps and glaciers. 1 million in ground water more than
<br /><I haH mile deep, I million 1Il ground water less than a half mile
<br />deep. 30.000 in Idkes, 16,000 in surbce soil, :3nd 300 cubic
<br />miles in ri\'ers and streams.
<br />
<br />A cit\' dweller uses an average of 150 gallons a day, but can
<br />sun'i,:e on 5 to 6 pints.
<br />
<br />It rakes 18B.SOn g;:.dlulls to m:lke ;\ It1n f'r p:Jpcr; 770 gallons tn
<br />refine one bJrrd ot petroleum; 600,000 gallons to make a ton
<br />
|