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<br /> <br />I <br />. <br />. <br />, <br /> <br />i 936j <br /> <br />.-\RE.-\.OF.ORIGI-'; PROTECTION <br /> <br />5~1 <br /> <br />I <br />, <br />j <br />; <br />1 <br />I <br />! <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />de:1ce of the need for the water. However. in the case of transfers for <br />,rrigatIon applicatIon. benents to the intended user are frequently over- <br />stated by the existence of price-support programs. while user demands <br />are exaggerated by the ex,stence of large water subsidies, Howe and <br />Easter demonsuated the fact that much of the post-war expansion of <br />'rngatIon m the Western Cnited States simply displaced other acreage. <br />often in the same counnes," That is. land was being put into the soil <br />bank program. while Clew irrigated acreage was being esrablished next <br />door. Such effects extended to other parts of the country. with large <br />rain fed acreages being displaced in the Southeast and Mississippi <br />Delta. <br />Even in cases of transfer for urban uses, evidence is sometimes <br />lacking that there is a real demand for the water. For example. the <br />Windy Gap Proiect of the Northern Colorado Water Conservancy <br />District has been completed. but the member cilies don't need the <br />water and are having difficulty in meeting their project costs. ,. The <br />Central Arizona Project and the Central Utah Project are having great <br />difficulty gelling cities to contract for water supplies." <br /> <br />v"" <br /> <br />v <br /> <br />3. No One Should Be Made Worse-Off <br /> <br />This is a distributional criterion (known as the ParetO criterion), <br />It is invoked to avoid having some groups made worse-off economi- <br />cally, even when the other conditions are met. It is clear. for e,ample. <br />that conditions (I) and (2) could be met, but that some group or <br />groups could be left worse-off than before the proJect. This can hap- <br />pen when water. related cOStS imposed on water-users or indirectly af- ,../ <br />fected groups are not directly compensated. <br /> <br />C. The Accounting Seance: Whose Coses Are co Be Counced? <br /> <br />[t is necessary to define the area within which costs resulting from <br />a transfer are to be measured, These losses could occur far down. <br />r stream. outSIde what pe~ ordinarily consider the basin of <br />origin. For exampl~water (tributary to the upper Colo. <br />rado) is diverted to the East Slope of the Rockies. some losses mighr be <br />incurred on the Blue itself. some on the Colorado mainstem within the <br /> <br />~] C. HOWF &: K. E\STF.R. ["'TF~8.'Sl'" TR.>..:-''iffRS 01' W ..fER: Eco:-.o"IlC ISSLES A."'I) 1'1- <br />P'\CTS \]0.]':' (1971) <br />'.l. Pkr:;('. C,II<'\ SUi/in";"'" 1,' \(,.<,/ PU\""'/l'''15 on ~VG(t" P""/!!,"I. l:h1ulc.('r 0:111\" CJm~rJ.. Feb ~l. <br />!-l~:. Jl ~. ",j \ P,er,,;, 11"':,I~ G,I(J l- .,[, .,1 F'.Jli L.,,,,,mulll B/il;. A,'u\da DJlh C;J.m~rJ" :"'CH ~~. <br />I'h ~ Jl ~"I:I. ~\11 : <br />~: L" S (.E....I.~ \1 -\~~-oll_"'1 r"',. Uf'~ICI:. RFf"()R r ra i"Hl:. Ho~ How.\RD .\.1. .\H.TZE.....B,\L\l <br />BeRE ~l 0~ RECl \...'~T10~.S LE"Iol rR...L L r ~H PROJECT ':'liD CE:'IITRAL V"LlE'l" PROJECT REP,\V' <br />'\4E.-.T :\1l.1l.-\:"OGE.'-lE.:'IIT'5. RCED.~5-1~g (lQ~~). <br /> <br />t <br />. <br />, <br />. <br />