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<br />Some of these Analogs have been in use for
<br />over ten years, and have solved problems such as:
<br />location of recharge basins, in order that ground
<br />water supply might benefit from the introduction of
<br />new water; volume of water which can actually be
<br />withdrawn from a ground water basin before. the
<br />supply gets so low pumps cannot pick up a sufficient
<br />supply to meet their daily needs; how to prevent the
<br />intrusion of sea water into the fresh ground water
<br />supply, and how to rela1e 1he flow of surface water
<br />and ground water to maximize the beneficial use of
<br />these two critical sources. These problems. can be
<br />solved in hours, rather than months, or even years.
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<br />RECOVERY PERIOD
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<br />APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG, SEPT. OCT NOV. DEC.
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<br />The above chart is a replica of the picture which
<br />the scientists ond engineers read on an oscilloscope,
<br />showing the results of an Analog problem being
<br />studied. It is possible for a single picture to depict
<br />not only a single year, but studies have been pro-
<br />grammed to show water utilization and recharge for
<br />a period of 50 years, as in the case of the San Luis
<br />Valley in Colorado. The picture is the result of volu-
<br />minous and accurate hydrological field data fed into
<br />the Computer, and the unique capabilities of the
<br />Computer to translate these data into an electrical
<br />picture of the problem.
<br />
<br />A few of the Anolog Models at the Geological
<br />Research Center in Phoenix, cover the Spanish Valley,
<br />Utah; Biscayne Bay, Florida; Houston, Texas; Orange
<br />County, California; Mississippi River Drainage area;
<br />Upper Coachella Valley, California; the Texas-Lou-
<br />isiana Drainage; the Santa Claro Valley of California;
<br />San Luis Valley of Colorado; Long Island, New York;
<br />Tuscan Basin, Arizona; Big and Little Blue Rivers in
<br />Nebraska; Anchorage, Alaska; the Arkansas River in
<br />Colorado; and many others.
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<br />6
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<br />The building of an Electric-Analog-Model consists
<br />of three steps.
<br />
<br />1. Detailed field research, whereby trained.
<br />technicians identify the physical make-up
<br />of the area under study, and the relation-
<br />ship of the hydrologic cycle to the actual
<br />geology. This is accomplished by monitor-
<br />ing operating wells, river gaging stations,
<br />and observation wells to determine the per-.
<br />imeter of the ground water basin, its per.
<br />meability, and in general its total charac-
<br />teristics. These data determine the width
<br />and depth, type of sediment, temperature,
<br />and flow characteristics. Data are assem-
<br />bled such as those obtained from gamma
<br />ray neutron logs, seismograph surveys,
<br />temperature readings at different depths,
<br />aerial and topographic mopping, soil sam-
<br />pling, and every other science known to
<br />man. The same scientific and technological
<br />excellence goes into the program which has
<br />made the space effort so completely suc-
<br />cessful
<br />
<br />2. Data collected in the field ore then com-
<br />piled, interpreted, and transmitted to the
<br />Analog Center, where expert technicians
<br />construct an Electric Model which exactly
<br />duplicates the characteristics in the field.
<br />In the case of the Arkansas River Valley
<br />in Colorado. the Model is 48 feet long, 6
<br />and % feet high, and consists of 60,000
<br />resistors, and 15,000 capacitors each iden-
<br />tifying a specific element of that Valley.
<br />
<br />3, Once the Analog has been completed, the
<br />research authorities take daily, weekly,
<br />monthly, or annual data supplied from the
<br />field Engineers, and resolve day to day, or
<br />year to year problems. As additional data
<br />on input of water, withdrawals, changing
<br />precipitation from year to year, as well as
<br />changes of use between the surface and
<br />ground water become available the Ana-
<br />log can make up to date projections of
<br />deficiencies which might occur from one
<br />year to the next, and provide alternatives
<br />for improved and better water manage-
<br />ment. It is particulary helpful in predicting
<br />the "mining" of water to assure a water
<br />supply for existing pumps.
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<br />7
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