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<br />w <br />c.n <br />--..1 <br />I-' <br /> <br />Crystallization. Solar pond heat would be used directly for <br /> <br /> <br />absorption refrigeration, or converted to mechanical energy for vapor <br /> <br /> <br />compression refrigeration, to form ice crystals which are separated <br /> <br />from the brine and subsequently melted to yield fresh water. <br /> <br /> <br />The distillation process and its many variations have the advantage of <br /> <br />relatively straight-forward utilization of solar pond heat, thus avoiding <br /> <br /> <br />the high losses associated with converting low-temperature heat to <br /> <br /> <br />mechanical or electrical energy. However, these losses may be at least <br /> <br /> <br />partially offset by the higher operating efficiencies of mechanically or <br /> <br />electrically driven desalination processes. <br /> <br />Industrial <br /> <br />Solar ponds for industrial applications will consist of both low and higher <br /> <br /> <br />temperature systems, The low temperature thermal systems will use a salt <br /> <br />gradient pond to deliver process heat in the form of hot water or air at <br /> <br /> <br />temperatures from 60-70.C, A second, higher temperature option, will have <br /> <br />the additional capability of supplying the total energy needs of an indus- <br /> <br /> <br />trial operation including electrical and thermal input. These systems will <br /> <br />require the addition of an energy conversion device, such as a Rankine- <br /> <br /> <br />cycle engine/generator (see Figures 3 and 4). Condenser waste heat from <br /> <br /> <br />the operation could be used for lower temperature thermal operations in the <br /> <br /> <br />plant facility. Either of these two industrial configurations might be <br /> <br /> <br />coupled with a heat pump for end-use operation during periods of lower <br /> <br /> <br />temperature pond output. <br /> <br />-5- <br /> <br />ii .' io <br />