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<br />., . <br /> <br />~ <br />~ <br />-J <br />OJ Synthetic Fuels <br /> <br />Synthetic fuel processes include liquification and gasification of coal, <br /> <br /> <br />shale oil extraction, and other processes addressed by the National <br /> <br /> <br />Synfuels Program. Until there is further delineation of the more important <br /> <br /> <br />synfuels processes that will be developed, the role of solar ponds can best <br /> <br /> <br />be discussed in generic terms. <br /> <br />Generally, solar ponds can be used either as a source of energy for driving <br /> <br /> <br />a process or as a source of energy for peripheral requirements. The <br /> <br /> <br />temperature limitations of solar ponds point toward preheating applications <br /> <br />in some processes such as steam flooding for heavy oil recovery. The <br /> <br /> <br />temperature limitations may be overcome by electrical conversion and then <br /> <br /> <br />using electrically-produced high-temperature steam. <br /> <br />One scheme has been advanced for developing very large solar ponds on the <br /> <br />Great Salt Lake (Utah) desert and using advanced electrical generating <br /> <br /> <br />equipment for converting their heat output to electricity for use in shale <br /> <br />oil production in nearby areas. The electricity would be used at the <br /> <br /> <br />production sites for either steam or microwave stimulation with in-situ <br /> <br /> <br />shale oil extraction techniques. This combination of solar ponds and shale <br /> <br />oil production would have the advantage of reduced environmental impacts <br /> <br /> <br />relative to conventional oil shale extraction and waste disposal <br /> <br /> <br />techniques, <br /> <br />-s- <br /> <br />w .., <br />